{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:54:48Z","timestamp":1787496888526,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Obtaining measures of population size and fitness are key first steps to understanding how and why species' populations change over time. Quantifying such metrics is difficult in some species, however, due to their remote location and\/or ecology, that is they may be widely dispersed or may not be readily monitored visually. As such, bioacoustic monitoring is increasingly used to monitor populations of such species, as in burrow\u2010nesting seabirds. However, while a growing number of studies successfully obtain measures of population size using bioacoustics, there are few that effectively quantify measures of population fitness, limiting the conservation value of this tool. Here, we investigated whether bioacoustics could yield indices of population size and a key population fitness measure, breeding success, comparable to those derived from observer\u2010based methods in a breeding population of a burrow\u2010nesting seabird, the European Storm Petrel,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Hydrobates pelagicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , on Mousa, Shetland. We used AudioMoths (Open Acoustic Devices) to record storm petrel adults and chicks over a 12\u2010week period from June to August 2023 and concurrently undertook observer\u2010based surveys. We then used a classifier model to quantify the average nightly call rate of adults and chicks across the recording period as bioacoustic\u2010derived measures of population size and breeding success, respectively. We found that observer\u2010based and bioacoustic\u2010derived measures of population size were significantly positively related for the two types of adult calls. Further, we found that observer and acoustic measures of chick abundance had a significant positive relationship, and a weaker, yet still significant, relationship for breeding success. Consequently, we demonstrate the utility of bioacoustics to provide relative measures of population\u2010level parameters and provide recommendations for future research. Bioacoustic monitoring can provide a method to monitor colonies while requiring substantially less time in the field, and so may facilitate more regular and comprehensive monitoring at colonies of burrow\u2010nesting seabirds.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.71893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T07:30:16Z","timestamp":1754897416000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bioacoustics as a Measure of Population Size and Breeding Success of European Storm Petrels\n                    <i>Hydrobates pelagicus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7351-5051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Bennett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RSPB Centre for Conservation Science The Lodge  Bedfordshire UK"},{"name":"British Trust for Ornithology Scotland Stirling University Innovation Park  Stirling UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RSPB Centre for Conservation Science The Lodge  Bedfordshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez\u2010Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RSPB Centre for Conservation Science The Lodge  Bedfordshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Denton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google LLC  San Francisco USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Laber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google LLC  San Francisco USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoe","family":"Deakin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RSPB Centre for Conservation Science The Lodge  Bedfordshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Bolton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RSPB Centre for Conservation Science The Lodge  Bedfordshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethan","family":"Manilow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google LLC  San Francisco USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda J.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RSPB Centre for Conservation Science The Lodge  Bedfordshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Bennett S. andM.Bolton.2025.\u201cTarsus Length as a Predictor of Chick Age in European Storm PetrelsHydrobates pelagicus.\u201dIn Review."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rse2.235"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2688\u20108319.12077"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2390560"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474\u2010919X.1996.tb08058.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.61350\/sbj.23.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.61350\/sbj.30.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"Bolton M. M. J.Wood andO.Padget.2019.\u201cStormie Shiny Apps; Shiny Seabirds: duFeu Method (version3).\u201dhttps:\/\/leopet8.wixsite.com\/mysite\/analyse."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","volume-title":"Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information\u2010Theoretic Approach","author":"Burnham K. P.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1557\u20109263.2011.00355.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","unstructured":"Collins S. M.2021.\u201cTerrestrial and Marine Risks for Leach's Storm\u2010Petrels During the Breeding Season.\u201dVol. PhD. 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T.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"Google LLC.2024.\u201cGoogle Perch.\u201dhttps:\/\/github.com\/google\u2010research\/perch\/tree\/main."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","unstructured":"Google Research.2023.\u201cBird\u2010Vocalization\u2010Classifier (Online).\u201dHttps:\/\/Www.Kaggle.Com\/Models\/Google\/Bird\u2010Vocalization\u2010Classifier\/Frameworks\/tensorFlow2\/Variations\/Bird\u2010Vocalization\u2010Classifier\/Versions\/3."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5038\/2074-1235.49.1.1406"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","unstructured":"Kassambara A.2019.\u201cggpubr: \u201cggplot2\u201d Based Publication Ready Plots. 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P.Harris A.delNevo andI.Sim.1995.\u201cSeabird Monitoring Handbook for Britain and Ireland.\u201dTasker ML Peterborough: JNCC\/RSPB\/ITE\/Seabird Group.http:\/\/nora.nerc.ac.uk\/8798\/1\/Bird1.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/auk\/103.1.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winkler D. W. S. M.Billerman andI. J.Lovette.2020.\u201cShearwaters and Petrels (Procellariidae) Version 1.0.\u201dBirds of the World.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2173\/bow.procel3.01species_shared.bow.project_name.","DOI":"10.2173\/bow.procel3.01"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9868.2010.00749.x"}],"container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.71893","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ece3.71893","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.71893","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T11:02:07Z","timestamp":1773745327000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ece3.71893"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ece3.71893"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ece3.71893","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-7758","2045-7758"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-7758","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-7758","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71893"}}