{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T19:52:43Z","timestamp":1785268363285,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32260257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260257"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The relationship between foraging modes and sensory system morphology is critical for understanding the ecological and evolutionary adaptations of lizards. This study investigates the nasal olfactory system (NOS) and vomeronasal system (VNS) of four sympatric lizards from the Turpan Basin, China, which exhibit distinct foraging strategies: the active foraging\n                    <jats:italic>Eremias roborowskii<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Lacertidae), the sit\u2010and\u2010wait foraging\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Phrynocephalus axillaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (Agamidae) and\n                    <jats:italic>Tenuidactylus\u00a0dadunensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Gekkonidae), and the seasonally frugivorous\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Teratoscincus roborowskii<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (Sphaerodactylidae), which adopts active foraging during fruit\u2010searching. Using diffusible iodine\u2010based contrast\u2010enhanced computed tomography (DiceCT) and histological sections, we compared the morphology and histology of their NOS and VNS. The results showed significant differences in the nasal cavity and vomeronasal organ structures: active foraging species (\n                    <jats:italic>E. roborowskii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>T. roborowskii<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) exhibited an enlarged nasal cavity with well\u2010developed lateral nasal conchae, thicker olfactory epithelium (OE), and higher densities of olfactory receptor cells compared to sit\u2010and\u2010wait foraging species. The VNS of active foraging lizards also showed thicker vomeronasal sensory epithelium (VSE) and greater vomeronasal receptor cell densities, particularly in\n                    <jats:italic>E. roborowskii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In contrast, sit\u2010and\u2010wait foraging\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>P. axillaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    displayed reduced nasal conchae, thinner OE and VSE, and fewer receptor cells. Interestingly, the seasonal active foraging\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>T. roborowskii<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    demonstrated NOS enhancements akin to obligate active foraging species, suggesting a link between fruit detection and olfactory specialization. These findings support the hypothesis that foraging modes drive morphological divergence in the olfactory systems of lizards, highlighting the role of sensory adaptations in ecological niche specialization. This study provides novel insights into the coevolution of sensory structures and foraging behavior in sympatric lizards. Further studies are needed to explore the functional implications of these morphological differences.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.72042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T05:45:32Z","timestamp":1755841532000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["How Foraging Mode Sculpts Sensory Systems: Morphological Evidence From DiceCT and Histology in Sympatric Lizards"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5724-9595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Leng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Ecological Adaptation and Evolution of Extreme Environment Organism, College of Life Sciences Xinjiang Agricultural University  Urumqi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Ecological Adaptation and Evolution of Extreme Environment Organism, College of Life Sciences Xinjiang Agricultural University  Urumqi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"286","article-title":"Notes on the Feeding Behaviour of Varanus bengalensis (Sauria: Varanidae)","volume":"80","author":"Auffenberg W.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09415-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.13032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"Bentz E.2019.\u201cCharacterizing the Function of the Harderian Gland and its Interactions With the Vomeronasal Organ in the Red\u2010Sided Garter Snake Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis. 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