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We evaluated floral integration and phenotypic selection on the floral traits of <jats:italic>Ipomoea cavalcantei<\/jats:italic>, a species endemic to the ironstone outcrops (<jats:italic>cangas<\/jats:italic>) of the Eastern Amazon and primarily pollinated by hummingbirds. Using 90 individuals from a natural population in the Floresta Nacional de Caraj\u00e1s, we conducted six pollination experiments to assess the mating system. We estimated individual fitness through fruit set and characterized floral phenotype by measuring ten traits under a stereomicroscope. We analyzed the mating system using a generalized linear model, assessed floral integration through matrix correlations, and evaluated phenotypic selection via simple and multiple regressions. <jats:italic>Ipomoea cavalcantei<\/jats:italic> was found to be self\u2010incompatible, with higher fruit set in pollen\u2010supplemented flowers. The association between matrices (modularity) was significant for both the morphological and developmental criteria, and style length exhibited five significant correlations out of the nine. Contrary to expectations for hummingbird\u2010pollinated flowers, corolla\u2010associated traits were not under significant selection. Only the ovary width showed a significant selection differential and gradient in the linear analyses, likely due to selective pressure from pre\u2010dispersal seed predators. This indicates positive directional selection: individuals with flowers bearing wider ovaries than the population mean tend to have higher relative fitness. Our findings highlight the role of pollinators in shaping floral integration in <jats:italic>I. cavalcantei<\/jats:italic> and their importance in ensuring maximum seed production, thereby supporting offspring formation even under seed predation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.72133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T07:36:01Z","timestamp":1757748961000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Floral Integration and Phenotypic Selection on Floral Traits of <i>Ipomoea cavalcantei<\/i> (Convolvulaceae), a Rare, Endemic, and Endangered Species to the Amazon Ironstone Outcrops"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Adriano","family":"Valentin\u2010Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico Vale  Bel\u00e9m Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto de Estudos Do Xingu Universidade Federal Do Sul e Sudeste Do Par\u00e1  S\u00e3o F\u00e9lix do Xingu Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina Galindo","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico Vale  Bel\u00e9m Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6279-5142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur","family":"Domingos\u2010Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Floral e Ecologia Reprodutiva Universidade Federal de Sergipe\u2014Campus Prof. Alberto Carvalho  Itabaiana Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas Erickson Nascimento","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico Vale  Bel\u00e9m Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kleber Resende","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico Vale  Bel\u00e9m Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"da Silva Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico Vale  Bel\u00e9m Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9690-5565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maur\u00edcio Takashi Coutinho","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico Vale  Bel\u00e9m Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mct213"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100706.2009.18026.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1127\/0941\u20102948\/2013\/0507"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2656953"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0245"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195160437.003.0002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010017\u201007398\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201053853\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5061\/dryad.kq72j"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2013.0913"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558\u20105646.1960.tb03076.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558\u20105646.2007.00240.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"304","article-title":"Reproductive Biology of the Tree Ipomoea wolcottiana (Convolvulaceae)","volume":"34","author":"Bullock S. 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