{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T14:30:15Z","timestamp":1786113015886,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32370561"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32370561"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32470521"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32470521"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The number and survival rate of juveniles play a key role in the recovery of Chinese alligators (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Alligator sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ). The differences between artificial and semi\u2010wild environments can directly affect the growth and development of juvenile alligators. This study analyzed the physical conditions (lengths and weights) and cloacal microbial communities of juvenile alligators in both artificial breeding (DJ, ZX) and semi\u2010wild (GJM) environments to reveal the significant effects of environmental pressure on their physiological state and microbiome. The results revealed that the body length (23.15\u2009\u00b1\u20091.06\u2009cm) and weight (22.8\u2009\u00b1\u20093.08\u2009g) of juvenile alligators in the GJM were significantly lower than those in the artificial environment (body length\u2009=\u200929.5\u2009cm, weight\u2009=\u200968.6\u2009g;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Moreover, the microbial \u03b1 diversity (ACE, Shannon) of the GJM was significantly reduced, and the community structure was significantly separated (NMDS analysis), suggesting that the pressure of the semi\u2010wild environment inhibited growth. In terms of microbial composition, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria in the GJM group was significantly, increased, whereas that of Bacteroidetes was decreased, and Microbacteria and Cyanobacteria were unique; at the genus level, environmentally specific marker genera were identified (such as\n                    <jats:italic>Limnohabitans<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    in GJM and\n                    <jats:italic>Fluviicola<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Deinococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the artificial environments). LEfSe analysis further elucidated the differential marker microbiota (such as Actinobacteria\/Cyanobacteria in GJM). In summary, stress (such as food shortages) in semi\u2010wild environments affects the growth and development of juvenile alligators by changing their microbial communities (such as enriched actinomycetes), This finding provides a microbial ecological basis for optimizing the conservation strategy of the Chinese alligator.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.72451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T09:29:44Z","timestamp":1763371784000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Role of Semi\u2010Wild Habitats in the Physical Conditions of Juvenile Alligators: Implications for Conservation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lulu","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences Anhui Normal University  Wuhu Anhui China"},{"name":"The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Security in the Yangtze River Basin  Wuhu Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Science and Engineering Ma'anshan University  Ma'anshan Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SiQing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Long\u2010Term Scientific Research Base for Chinese Alligator Artificial Breeding and Protection in Anhui Anhui Research Center for Chinese Alligator Reproduction  Xuancheng Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WenGang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences Anhui Normal University  Wuhu Anhui China"},{"name":"The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Security in the Yangtze River Basin  Wuhu Anhui 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Reproduction  Xuancheng Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genjun","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Long\u2010Term Scientific Research Base for Chinese Alligator Artificial Breeding and Protection in Anhui Anhui Research Center for Chinese Alligator Reproduction  Xuancheng Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RuoYa","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Long\u2010Term Scientific Research Base for Chinese Alligator Artificial Breeding and Protection in Anhui Anhui Research Center for Chinese Alligator Reproduction  Xuancheng Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Long\u2010Term Scientific Research Base for Chinese Alligator Artificial Breeding and Protection in Anhui Anhui Research Center for Chinese Alligator Reproduction  Xuancheng Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenpeng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences Anhui Normal University  Wuhu Anhui China"},{"name":"The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Ecological Security in the Yangtze River Basin  Wuhu Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chongzhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Long\u2010Term Scientific Research Base for Chinese Alligator Artificial Breeding and Protection in Anhui Anhui Research Center for Chinese Alligator Reproduction  Xuancheng Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6690-3822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaobing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences Anhui Normal University  Wuhu Anhui 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