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We apply this approach to investigate ostracod community dynamics and genetic diversity in a two\u2010millennia sedimentary record from Nam Co, the third largest lake on the Tibetan Plateau, where hydrological fluctuations have driven shifts in salinity and habitat conditions. Using stratigraphic sedaDNA analyses, temporal diversity indices, and environmental proxies, we linked ostracod assemblages to lake\u2010level and climatic changes. Species richness peaked between 628 and 765\u2009\n                    <jats:sc>CE<\/jats:sc>\n                    during moister conditions with increased minerogenic influx, and again since the mid\u20101970s amid recent warming and glacier\u2010melt\u2013driven lake\u2010level rise. In the earliest sedaDNA record (~230\u2009\n                    <jats:sc>BCE<\/jats:sc>\n                    ),\n                    <jats:italic>Tonnacypris gyirongensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    indicated warm, nutrient\u2010rich, shallow estuarine conditions. Between \u223c600 and \u223c830\u2009\n                    <jats:sc>CE<\/jats:sc>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Candona candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Ilyocypris angulata<\/jats:italic>\n                    reflect freshwater, organic\u2010rich littoral habitats. During the Medieval Climate Anomaly (~948\u20131143\u2009\n                    <jats:sc>CE<\/jats:sc>\n                    ) and Little Ice Age (~1600\u20131678\u2009\n                    <jats:sc>CE<\/jats:sc>\n                    ), alternating dominance of\n                    <jats:italic>Limnocythere<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. and\n                    <jats:italic>Leucocytherella sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    primarily signals changes in water level and salinity due to their different ecological tolerances. Genetic data reveal generally low lineage diversity in parthenogenetic taxa, punctuated by transient increases in phylogenetic diversity during moister intervals at the end of the Late Antique Cold Period (490\u2013830\u2009\n                    <jats:sc>CE<\/jats:sc>\n                    ), the late Medieval Climate Anomaly period (1250\u20131400\u2009\n                    <jats:sc>CE<\/jats:sc>\n                    ), and recent warming. Sediments spanning the Little Ice Age exhibit stable richness but shifts in dominance patterns, indicating a change in salinity and alkalinity. Since the 1950s, a marked turnover has occurred with declining\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>L. sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and rising\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Limnocythere inopinata<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , coinciding with reduced monsoon runoff; in contrast, the post\u20101970s freshening has promoted the resurgence of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>L. sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , alongside minor occurrences of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>I. angulata<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>L. inopinata<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Our results demonstrate the sensitivity of Tibetan Plateau ostracod communities to hydrological and climatic variability. By integrating sedaDNA with paleoenvironmental proxies, we reveal both community\u2010level and intra\u2010species genetic responses to past climate change, underscoring the power of sedaDNA metabarcoding for paleoecological and evolutionary research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.72706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T16:19:12Z","timestamp":1766765952000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ostracod Genetic Variability in Response to Lake Level\u2010Driven Salinity Dynamics in Nam Co, Central Tibetan Plateau, in the Past Two Millennia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3938-6663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina","family":"Dulias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geosystems and Bioindication Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig  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