{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:51:13Z","timestamp":1789624273787,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001862","name":"Svenska Forskningsr\u00e5det Formas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FR\u20102020\/0008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FR\u20102020\/0008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\u201004251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\u201004251"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Several wild bird and fish species across the Northern Hemisphere have been shown to episodically be thiamine deficient. This may lead to mass\u2010mortality events, especially in offspring. To understand the mechanisms underlying thiamine deficiency we need a better understanding of the dynamics and somatic allocation of the vitamin. Here we focus on a common, ecologically and economically important species, that is, Atlantic cod (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Gadus morhua<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), which has been suggested to be sensitive to thiamine deficiency. We sampled cod of varying sizes and maturity stages in a system where thiamine deficiency regularly occurs (i.e., Baltic Sea) and compare these with cod from the North Atlantic, where this deficiency has not been recorded. Results show that thiamine concentrations were tissue\u2010specific. Concentrations in muscle and liver generally declined during growth and maturation, whereas concentrations in gonads increased. Of the total thiamine in a female's body, approximately 70% of the total pool was allocated to the gonads at the onset of reproduction, suggesting that micronutrients constitute a major investment when spawning. Free thiamine was the dominating vitamer in gonads and increased in proportion of total thiamine as gonads developed, whereas the muscle and liver's relative composition of vitamers was constant with thiamine diphosphate dominating. Transketolase activity and latency suggest that livers were saturated with thiamine and there was no evidence of ongoing thiamine deficiency. Likewise, thiamine concentrations were similar between areas with different histories of thiamine deficiency when accounting for differences in size and reproductive state, suggesting that thiamine statuses were comparable. We show that life cycle and tissue\u2010specific dynamics in thiamine concentrations should be considered when assessing the thiamine status of a species. Furthermore, we discuss how specific life history traits related to spawning may put species at higher risk of thiamine deficiency.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.72828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T07:52:54Z","timestamp":1768204374000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Thiamine Allocation and Deficiency Status Throughout the Life Cycle of Cod"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2201-4416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc M.","family":"Hauber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS) Linnaeus University  Kalmar Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0327-9547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittoria","family":"Todisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS) Linnaeus University  Kalmar Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9667-1228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Nordahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS) Linnaeus University  Kalmar Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6804-5342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petter","family":"Tibblin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS) Linnaeus University  Kalmar Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4871-7441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emil","family":"Fridolfsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS) Linnaeus University  Kalmar Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elin","family":"K\u00e4rveg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS) Linnaeus University  Kalmar Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3740-5998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Hylander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS) Linnaeus University  Kalmar Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"48","article-title":"Thiamine (Vitamin B1) Concentrations in Salmon (Salmo salar), Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) and Cod (Gadus morhua) From the Baltic Sea","volume":"28","author":"Amcoff P.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0902903106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38821"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Reproductive Disturbances in Baltic Fish: A Synopsis of the FiRe Project","volume":"28","author":"Bengtsson B.\u2010E.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ambio\u2010Journal of Human Environment Research and Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.66010250.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nfs.2018.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","volume-title":"Expeditionsrapport IBTS, Januari 2022","author":"Bland B.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/H04-059.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Thiamine Analysis in Fish Tissues","volume":"21","author":"Brown S. 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G.Hnath.1999.\u201cA Review of Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS) in Great Lakes Salmonids: Relationship With Thiamine Deficiency.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nafm.10659"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0426.1999.00098.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-019-3520-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seares.2021.102081"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11160-018-9538-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","unstructured":"Hartig F.2024.\u201cDHARMa: Residual Diagnostics for Hierarchical (Multi\u2010Level\/Mixed) Regression Models.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","volume-title":"Best\u00e5ndsstatus f\u00f6r torsk i \u00c5lands hav 2022","author":"Heimbrand Y.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0308844"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14547"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/49.2.191"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2004.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/285994"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/692168"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","volume-title":"Expeditionsrapport BITS, Februari\/Mars 2022","author":"L\u00f6vgren O.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227714"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","first-page":"92","volume-title":"Mechanisms, Impacts, and Mitigation for Thiamine Deficiency and Early Life Stage Mortality in California's Central Valley Chinook Salmon","author":"Mantua N.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi401618y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsn019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MEBR.0000007109.22887.26"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","volume-title":"Molecular Nutrition: Vitamins","author":"Patel V. 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