{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:01:43Z","timestamp":1786114903004,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018694","name":"HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101067351"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101067351"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018694","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Ecosystems worldwide are undergoing unprecedented changes, and as a result amphibians are experiencing devastating population declines driven by subsequent habitat loss and emerging pathogens. The skin microbiota is an important first line of defence for amphibians against pathogens. Here, for the first time, we characterised the bacteria and fungi comprising the skin microbiota of 56 individual golden Alpine salamanders (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Salamandra atra aurorae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , Trevisan, 1982), a highly endemic and endangered amphibian subspecies. In addition, we investigated the impact of the 2018 Vaia windstorm on skin microbiota of salamanders in plots classified as impacted or non\u2010impacted based on windthrows. Salamander sex, weather during sampling, and dominant tree species in plots were also investigated as influencers of microbiota. Beta diversity estimates revealed greater variation in bacterial microbiota composition among individuals from non\u2010impacted plots compared to plots impacted by Vaia. Notably, we found differential abundances of five genera of bacteria and eight genera of fungi in the skin microbiota of salamanders from impacted compared with non\u2010impacted plots. Further analyses revealed that median relative abundances of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Aeromonas hydrophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , the causative agent of the potentially fatal red\u2010leg syndrome, were significantly higher in microbiota of salamanders from impacted plots. Weather conditions during sampling significantly influenced both alpha and beta diversity of the skin microbiota, and explained up to 9% of bacterial and 6% of fungal variation. Bacterial richness and phylogenetic diversity were lower during rainfall, whereas fungal beta diversity increased, suggesting contrasting moisture preferences. These findings suggest that extreme weather events, as well as moderate daily weather fluctuations, may be associated with the microbial communities of amphibian skin, potentially affecting their resilience to pathogens. This study underscores the importance of considering both natural and human\u2010mediated disturbances in conservation strategies for vulnerable species like the golden Alpine salamander.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.72981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:13:09Z","timestamp":1773007989000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Weathering the Storm: Legacies of Extreme Meteorological Events and Daily Weather Variability Shape the Skin Microbiota of the Endangered Golden Alpine Salamander\n                    <i>Salamandra atra aurorae<\/i>\n                    (Trevisan, 1982)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3493-3485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily L.","family":"Pascoe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservation Genomics Research Unit, Research and Innovation Centre Fondazione Edmund Mach  San Michele all'Adige Italy"},{"name":"Ethology Unit, Department of Biology University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Polli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservation Genomics Research Unit, Research and Innovation Centre Fondazione Edmund Mach  San Michele all'Adige Italy"},{"name":"Research and Museum Collection Office, Conservation Biology Unit MUSE\u2014Science Museum of Trento  Trento Italy"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences University of Modena &amp; Reggio Emilia  Modena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Girardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservation Genomics Research Unit, Research and Innovation Centre Fondazione Edmund Mach  San Michele all'Adige Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9850-8985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Dalponte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Ecology Research Unit, Research and Innovation Centre Fondazione Edmund Mach  San Michele all'Adige Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Marcantonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Landlife Ecospatial Labs  Mezzocorona Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche Istituto Per la BioEconomia  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Roner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Museum Collection Office, Conservation Biology Unit MUSE\u2014Science Museum of Trento  Trento Italy"},{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda de Organismos y Sistemas, Unidad de Ecolog\u00eda Universidad de Oviedo  Oviedo Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Galla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservation Genomics Research Unit, Research and Innovation Centre Fondazione Edmund Mach  San Michele all'Adige Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Zanovello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservation Genomics Research Unit, Research and Innovation Centre Fondazione Edmund Mach  San Michele all'Adige Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Pedrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Museum Collection Office, Conservation Biology Unit MUSE\u2014Science Museum of Trento  Trento Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi C.","family":"Hauffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservation Genomics Research Unit, Research and Innovation Centre Fondazione Edmund Mach  San Michele all'Adige Italy"},{"name":"National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC)  Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad1039"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"Abarenkov K. A.Zirk T.Piirmann et\u00a0al.2022.\u201cUNITE General FASTA Release for Fungi.\u201dhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.15156\/BIO\/2483911."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep09743"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40665\u2010017\u20100034\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378\u20101127(97)00270\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5304028"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2017.0582"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2020.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.9593"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1461\u20100248.2002.00352.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156853803322440736"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.14372"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13132135"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3832\/efor3070\u2010016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00111"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201060879\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.07.230"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis N. M. D. M.Proctor S. P.Holmes D. A.Relman andB. J.Callahan.2017.\u201cSimple Statistical Identification and Removal of Contaminant Sequences in Marker\u2010Gene and Metagenomics Data.\u201dhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/221499.","DOI":"10.1101\/221499"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03006\u201005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36253\/a_h\u201013279"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.7044"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010micro\u2010052621\u2010124212"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10556788.2011.597854"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","volume-title":"Living With Storm Damage to Forests","author":"Gardiner B.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","unstructured":"Gazzea E. D.Marangon C.Betetto et\u00a0al.2024.\u201cRealizzazione di Attivit\u00e0 di Monitoraggio Delle Aree Colpite Dalla Tempesta VAIA. 42.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.federforeste.it\/news\/relazione\u2010conclusiva\u2010delle\u2010attivita\u2010di\u2010monitoraggio\u2010delle\u2010aree\u2010colpite\u2010dalla\u2010tempesta\u2010vaia\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/f12060680"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","first-page":"124","article-title":"First Screening for Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) in Wild and Captive Salamanders From Italy","volume":"55","author":"Grasselli E.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Salamandra"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02138"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/geb.13746"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02883"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531\u2010023\u201002772\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2011.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbr.2021.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248\u2010022\u201002127\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"Diagnosis of Aeromonas hydrophila, Mycobacterium species, and Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in an African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis)","volume":"49","author":"Hill W. A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523\u20101739.1992.06030324.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v027.i03"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866\u2010020\u201001979\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2006.0030\u20101299.14714.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","unstructured":"Klewen R. F.1988.\u201cDie Landsalamander Europas Teil 1: Gattungen Salamandra und Mertensiella.\u201dhttps:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_lookup?title=Die+Landsalamander+Europas+1:+Die+Gattungen+Salamandra+und+Mertensiella&author=Klewen +R.F.&publication_year=1988."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v082.i13"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","unstructured":"Lenth R.2024.\u201cemmeans: Estimated Marginal Means aka Least\u2010Squares Means.\u201dhttps:\/\/CRAN.R\u2010project.org\/package=emmeans."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiaa255"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2022.11.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2013.200"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7343\/as\u20102019\u2010429"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14806\/ej.17.1.200"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs5073544"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462\u20102920.16452"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2011.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010018\u201035343\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115411"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248\u2010017\u20100986\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c03219"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","volume-title":"A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1655\/0018\u20100831\u201076.2.167"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/15685381\u201000002923"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36253\/a_h\u201016272"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2018.04.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","volume-title":"Lista Rossa IUCN dei Vertebrati Italiani 2022","author":"Rondinini C.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","volume-title":"La quiete dopo la tempesta? La salamandra di Aurora, Salamandra atra aurorae, in Trentino e la tempesta VAIA: passato, presente e futuro","author":"Roner L.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010020\u201079130\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schelhaas M.\u2010J.2008.\u201cImpacts of Natural Disturbances on the Development of European Forest Resources: Application of Model Approaches From Tree and Stand Levels to Large\u2010Scale Scenarios.\u201d","DOI":"10.14214\/df.56"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010023\u201050394\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb\u20102011\u201012\u20106\u2010r60"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-98756-5_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2011.06.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","first-page":"6","volume-title":"Soil Acidity Impacts Beneficial Soil Microorganisms","author":"Sullivan T. S.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","unstructured":"Trenti A.2018.\u201cPerturbazione Eccezionale del 27\u201329 Ottobre 2018 Provincia Autonoma di Trento.\u201dhttps:\/\/content.meteotrentino.it\/analisiMM\/2018_perturbazione_ottobre.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034\u20104257(79)90013\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1641\/0006-3568(2003)053[0046:DDAERT]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/f12040414"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0135"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00298"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/f14071374"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2014.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104\u2010024\u201007086\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2015.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2017.121"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2024.109973"}],"container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.72981","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ece3.72981","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.72981","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T23:09:43Z","timestamp":1785971383000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ece3.72981"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ece3.72981"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ece3.72981","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-7758","2045-7758"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-7758","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-7758","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e72981"}}