{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T06:24:15Z","timestamp":1787034255766,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSFC 31600104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSFC 31600104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Gut microbiota generally undergoes dynamic remodeling in concert with multifaceted self\u2010regulation of amphibian hosts during key life stages, such as metamorphosis and hibernation. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of amphibian gut microbiomes across the lifecycle remain poorly understood. In this study, we applied 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to characterize the gut microbiomes of cultivated Black\u2010spotted frog (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Pelophylax nigromaculatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) across seasons. The gut microbiomes exhibited tissue\u2010specific succession, and structural discrepancies between gut regions fluctuated temporally. Both small\u2010 and large\u2010intestine microbiomes showed temporal decay patterns in abundance\u2010unweighted intercommunity indices, but not in abundance\u2010weighted indices. Compared with large\u2010intestine microbiomes, small\u2010intestine microbiomes were more randomized yet more centralized in terms of amplicon sequence variants, particularly within Proteobacteria (especially\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). The alpha diversity of small\u2010intestine microbiomes was comparatively lower, and their taxonomic composition was more stable over time. We further elucidated the assembly mechanisms of gut microbiomes by systematically analyzing dominant driving factors, ecological processes, phylogenetic traits, source\u2010sink relationships, and co\u2010occurrence networks. Stochastic processes played a dominant role in gut microbiome assembly, while deterministic processes (e.g., habitat filtering and microbial interaction) contributed more strongly to large gut microbiomes than to small gut microbiomes. Overall, this study provides insights into the ecological dynamics and assembly mechanisms of amphibian gut microbiomes across the lifecycle and may inform targeted microbiome modification for amphibian breeding and conservation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.73041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T04:26:38Z","timestamp":1770179198000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stochasticity Prevails but Differs: Tissue\u2010Specific Assembly of Gut Microbiomes Across Seasons in an Amphibian Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6146-3381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Tolerance Design and Measurement, College of Software Engineering Chengdu University of Information Technology  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Chengdu China"},{"name":"College of Life Sciences Xinyang Normal University  Xinyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences Xinyang Normal University  Xinyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences Xinyang Normal University  Xinyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyuan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences Xinyang Normal University  Xinyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Tolerance Design and Measurement, College of Software Engineering Chengdu University of Information Technology  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaolong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Tolerance Design and Measurement, College of Software Engineering Chengdu University of Information Technology  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Tolerance Design and Measurement, College of Software Engineering Chengdu University of Information Technology  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiye","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Tolerance Design and Measurement, College of Software Engineering Chengdu University of Information Technology  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanping","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Tolerance Design and Measurement, College of Software Engineering Chengdu University of Information Technology  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bicheng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangzhen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Soil Remediation of Fujian Province University, College of Resources and Environment Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00191\u201016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"Bache S. 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