{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:01:47Z","timestamp":1786114907612,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Rapid urbanisation has led several spider species to adapt to synanthropic microhabitats and establish large populations outside of their native ranges. In Ireland, the establishment and widespread distribution of the Noble false widow spider\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Steatoda nobilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (Araneae: Theridiidae) (Thorell, 1875) has raised questions about its impact on native spider populations across the country. Through an extensive field survey of six urban centres over an 11\u2010month period, we sought to establish population demographics for\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>S. nobilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and other synanthropic spiders in Ireland for the first time. We surveyed fence microhabitats for both spider abundance and diversity to determine the influence of variables such as prey availability and climate. Of the 20 identifiable species observed,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>S. nobilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and the missing sector orb weaver\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Zygiella x\u2010notata<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (Clerck, 1757) typically made up more than 80% of the spider abundance regardless of location surveyed, including two new Irish counties where\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>S. nobilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    had previously not been recorded but is now well established (Co. Mayo and Co. Sligo). Our results also indicated that the diversity of synanthropic spiders is significantly affected by seasonality and prey availability, but largely unaffected by daily weather conditions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.73193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T23:26:11Z","timestamp":1773185171000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Survey of Synanthropic Spiders in Ireland Reveals Expansion and Dominance of the Invasive Noble False Widow\n                    <i>Steatoda nobilis<\/i>\n                    in Urban Habitats (Araneae: Theridiidae)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0709-9678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brandon L.","family":"Collier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Venom Systems &amp; Proteomics Lab, School of Natural Sciences, Martin Ryan Institute University of Galway  Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2943-748X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dayle","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Venom Systems &amp; Proteomics Lab, School of Natural Sciences, Martin Ryan Institute University of Galway  Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3572-0847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keith","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Venom Systems &amp; Proteomics Lab, School of Natural Sciences, Martin Ryan Institute University of Galway  Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6645-0472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John P.","family":"Dunbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Venom Systems &amp; Proteomics Lab, School of Natural Sciences, Martin Ryan Institute University of Galway  Galway Ireland"},{"name":"Midlands Bug and Reptile Zoo  Longford Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7515-3699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin","family":"Lawton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Ecology &amp; Conservation Unit, School of Natural Sciences, Martin Ryan Institute University of Galway  Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8567-819X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michel M.","family":"Dugon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Venom Systems &amp; Proteomics Lab, School of Natural Sciences, Martin Ryan Institute University of Galway  Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1636\/JoA\u2010S\u201021\u2010044"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3897\/neobiota.42.31582"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","volume-title":"Britain's Spiders: A Field Guide \u2013 Fully Revised and Updated Second Edition","author":"Bee L.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.13863"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1942268"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096\u20103642.1929.tb01448.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102311.2011.01317.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30963\/aramit5605"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Les Araign\u00e9es de L'archipel de Mad\u00e8re (Mission du Professeur Vandel)","volume":"79","author":"Denis J.","year":"1962","journal-title":"Publica\u00e7\u00f5es Do Instituto de Zoologia \u201cDoutor Augusto Nobre\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3318\/bioe.2017.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.4422"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3318\/bioe.2018.05"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"New Irish Record for Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802), and New County Records for Steatoda nobilis (Thorell, 1875), Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) and Steatoda grossa (C.L. Koch, 1838)","volume":"36","author":"Dunbar J. P.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Irish Naturalists' Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.3959"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","first-page":"92","article-title":"De Araneis Galliae III. 5 Steatoda nobilis (Thorell, 1875) en Europe","volume":"17","author":"Emerit M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Revue Arachnologique"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","unstructured":"Env Syst Res Inst (ESRI).2023.\u201cArcGIS Pro Desktop. In (Version 3.1.2).\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","first-page":"52","article-title":"Nuevos Registros de Steatoda nobilis (Thorell, 1875) (Araneae: Theridiidae) de Sudam\u00e9rica","volume":"33","author":"Fa\u00fandez E. I.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Revista Ib\u00e9rica de Aracnolog\u00eda"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Consideraciones Sobre Steatoda nobilis (Thorell, 1875) en Chile","volume":"2","author":"Fa\u00fandez E. I.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biodivers and Nat Hist"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","volume-title":"Biology of Spiders","author":"Foelix R. F.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","volume-title":"A Guide to Habitats in Ireland","author":"Fossitt J. A.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40725\u2010022\u201000178\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2003.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/asr\u201014\u201049\u20102017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","unstructured":"Global Biodiversity Outlook 5.2020.\u201cSecr of the UN Conv on Biol Divers.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","unstructured":"Haahr M.2023.\u201cRANDOM.ORG. In True Random Number Service.\u201dRandomness and Integrity Services Ltd.https:\/\/www.random.org."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","article-title":"The Diversity and Distribution of Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) Along an Outdoor\u2013Indoor Habitat Gradient: Preliminary Findings From Piedmont Virginia","volume":"70","author":"Kish W.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virginia Journal of Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00114\u2010014\u20101194\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265\u2010017\u20102353\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13156\/arac.2012.15.1.269"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00299734"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","unstructured":"Map of the Republic of Ireland.2022.\u201cGoogle Earth Pro Vers 7.3.6.\u201d"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","first-page":"200","article-title":"Three Spiders (Araneae) New to Ireland: Bolyphantes alticeps Oonops domesticus and Steatoda nobilis","volume":"26","author":"Nolan M.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Irish Naturalists' Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","unstructured":"Oksanen J. F. G.Blanchet M.Friendly et\u00a0al.2025.\u201cVegan: Community Ecology Package.\u201dR Package Version 2.8\u20130.https:\/\/vegandevs.github.io\/vegan\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00222937908679818"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20107998.1907.tb06960.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"The Noble False Widow (Steatoda nobilis) Has Established in New Zealand","volume":"59","author":"Picknell A. M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Weta"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14090587"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","unstructured":"Reiser N.2013.\u201cEinschleppung und Einwanderung Von Spinnentieren (Araneae; Opiliones) in Deutschland Dissertation Hochschule Neubrandenburg.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530\u2010024\u201003504\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","unstructured":"RStudio.2020.\u201cRStudio: Integrated Development for R.\u201dhttp:\/\/www.rstudio.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-195707000-00032"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","first-page":"164","article-title":"The Theridiid Spider Steatoda nobilis (Thorell, 1875) in Britain","volume":"9","author":"Snazell R. G.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ee\/nvw118"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4039\/tce.2015.83"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"New Records and Updated Distribution of the Invasive Spider Steatoda nobilis (Araneae: Theridiidae) in Chile, With the First Report in Natural Environments of the Atacama Desert","volume":"89","author":"Taucare\u2010R\u00edos A.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gayana"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","unstructured":"Team RDC.2021.\u201cR: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.\u201dIn (Version 4.2.1).https:\/\/www.r\u2010project.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","first-page":"81","article-title":"Diagnoses Aranearum Europaearum Aliquot Novarum","volume":"18","author":"Thorell T.","year":"1875","journal-title":"Tijdschrift Voor Entomologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3956\/2014\u201091.1.098"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3956\/2011\u201040.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/ME11285"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530\u2010010\u20109885\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1636\/JoA\u2010S\u201022\u2010022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/734502"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","first-page":"125","article-title":"A Contribution Towards a List of Irish Spiders","volume":"13","author":"Workman T.","year":"1880","journal-title":"Entomologist"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21658005.2015.1068508"}],"container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.73193","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ece3.73193","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.73193","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T23:14:58Z","timestamp":1785971698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ece3.73193"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ece3.73193"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ece3.73193","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-7758","2045-7758"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-7758","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-7758","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e73193"}}