{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T21:44:44Z","timestamp":1790286284052,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The pace\u2010of\u2010life syndrome (POLS) hypothesis posits that consistent individual differences in behaviour are integrated with physiology and life\u2010history traits such that behaviour mediates how individuals resolve life\u2010history trade\u2010offs. For instance, individuals exhibiting higher exploration tendencies may accelerate reproduction by gaining access to resources more quickly, but this same behaviour could reduce survival through increased risks of predation and competition. While empirical support for POLS remains mixed, recent theory emphasises the role of environmental context in resolving some inconsistencies. Resource quality, in particular, may strongly mediate context\u2010dependent effects, yet its functional role has received little empirical attention. To address this, we monitored the complete life\u2010histories of 344 female house mice (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Mus musculus domesticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) across four semi\u2010natural enclosures running in parallel, provisioned with either high or standard\u2010quality food. We first assessed how resource quality influenced life\u2010history traits and then repeatedly measured behaviour to investigate the among\u2010individual correlations between behaviour and life\u2010history within each food quality treatment. Two axes captured most of the variation in life\u2010history in both food quality treatments, with the primary axis reflecting a fast\u2013slow continuum. The relationship between behaviour and life\u2010history was context\u2010dependent at the among\u2010individual level: under a lower quality treatment, more exploratory females exhibited a faster pace\u2010of\u2010life, consistent with a risk\u2013mortality trade\u2010off. By contrast, in higher quality food conditions, individuals that covered more distance in an open\u2010field, that is, more active stress\u2010copers, delayed reproduction and followed a slower pace\u2010of\u2010life, suggesting a POLS that incorporates aspects of asset protection. Our results indicate that pace\u2010of\u2010life syndromes are context\u2010dependent, emerging most clearly when behavioural variation interacts with environmental factors that affect some aspect of fitness. More broadly, we provide evidence that POLS vary profoundly in different ecological conditions, highlighting the importance of considering environmental context when testing fundamental links between behaviour and life\u2010history.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.73234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T03:26:53Z","timestamp":1773026813000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evidence for Environment\u2010Specific Pace\u2010of\u2010Life Syndromes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1457-676X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fragkiskos","family":"Darmis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group Behavioural Ecology of Individual Differences, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology  Pl\u00f6n Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Guenther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology University of Hildesheim  Hildesheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arq185"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/2.4.235"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.12081"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/516847"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0030\u20101299.2008.16567.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/411295"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v080.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.14354"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/501141"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo\u201063\u20105\u2010517"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2013.2349"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461\u20100248.2004.00618.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265\u2010018\u20102473\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2023.0511"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecm.1332"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365\u20102656.13283"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156853905774539445"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226922065.003.0008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265\u2010024\u201003510\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oik.11461"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/15\u20101485.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139044547.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-303-9_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2018.0086"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12819"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2020.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A Study of the Rat's Behavior in a Field. 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