{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T05:47:16Z","timestamp":1782107236857,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Sequential pollen presentation is a reproductive strategy adopted by plants to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of pollen export and receipt, as well as to promote outcrossing.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Actinidia arguta<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    exhibits a typical characteristic of sequential pollen presentation. In this study, indoor and field observation methods were employed to conduct a tracking investigation on the anther dehiscence mode, pollen presentation strategy of male, and the floral characteristics and pollination traits of both female and male. The results showed that the dark\u2010colored structures surrounding the ovary in the female flower are sterile staminodes. The female flowers possess multi\u2010lobed stigmas arranged radially. The anthers of male are black, and the petals of female are significantly larger than male. The anther dehiscence mode of male\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. arguta<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    is \u201cunzipping\u201d longitudinal dehiscence for pollen release, and its pollen presentation strategy is sequential presentation. The peak period of pollen release effectively overlaps with the periods of pollen viability, stigma receptivity, and nectar secretion at different flowering stages. This reduces pollen waste and promotes outcrossing pollination. Male\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. arguta<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    produces a large amount of pollen and secretes more nectar than female. This attracts more pollinating insects, indicating that\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. arguta<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    is a typical insect\u2010pollinated plant.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Apis cerana<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Bombus<\/jats:italic>\n                    are the main pollinators, and pollination is accomplished by relying on these pollinating insects to transfer pollen from male to the stigmas of female. Exploring the pollination mechanism and characteristics of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. arguta<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    pollen deepens the scientific understanding of its pollination process.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.73247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T04:09:45Z","timestamp":1775275785000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A New Insight Into Pollen Release and Presentation in Actinidiaceae Plants: The Case Study of Dioecious\n                    <i>Actinidia arguta<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3132-4474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kexin","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture Changchun University  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture Changchun University  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanlin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture Changchun University  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0032-0772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rongrong","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture Changchun University  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture Changchun University  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture Changchun University  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renjie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture Changchun University  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingxu","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Landscape Architecture Changchun University  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","article-title":"Floral Biology and Pollination in Actinidiaceae: A Review","volume":"17","author":"Briones M. J.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01140671.2020.1861032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1941506"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/498854"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.2006.01174.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17521\/cjpe.2021.0463"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"Determination of Anther Dehiscence Degree in Chrysanthemum and Study on the Genetic Patterns of Anther Dehiscence","author":"Hua L. C.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3321\/j.issn:0023\u2010074X.2000.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13348\/j.cnki.sjlyyj.2023.0009.y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"Investigation and Study on Insect Visit to Three Herbaceous Plants in an Apple Orchard","author":"Jia Y. Y.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"Morphological Study of Pollen From Nine Species of the Genus Kiwifera","volume":"2","author":"Kang N.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Wuhan Botanical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02347018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","volume-title":"Floral Characteristics and Pollination Adaptation of Plants in the Genus Epimedium","author":"Li X. X.","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"721","article-title":"Morphological and Anatomical Study on the Development of Anthers and Pollinia Pore Formation in Rhododendron speciosum","volume":"44","author":"Ma H. Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Guangxi Plants"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","volume-title":"Temporal Patterns of Pollen Presentation and Intra\u2010Inflorescence Sex Allocation in Mongolian Sandbox Holly","author":"Ma X. L.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/AOB\/MCAE139"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14168\/j.issn.1673\u20104939.2024.01.02"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcaa088"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-5937-7_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"780","article-title":"Pollination Biology of Elaeagnus angustifolia in Middle Reaches of the Heihe River in Northwest China, Zhongguo Shamo","volume":"32","author":"Pan C. C.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Desert Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13925\/j.cnki.gsxb.20170211"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004197"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17520\/biods.2024084"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12229-011-9065-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","unstructured":"Song Y. P.2018.\u201cThe Influence of Pollinator Behaviour on the Evolution of Reproductive Traits in Rhinanthus Species.\u201dDoctoral thesis Central China Normal University Wuhan China."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.flora.2016.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2010.03538.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajb2.16148"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Floral Syndrome and Secondary Pollen Presentation in Xinjiang Codonopsis","volume":"19","author":"Wang L.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biodiversity Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","first-page":"68","article-title":"Morphological characteristics and Stigma Fertility Detection of Five Species of Torch Flowers","volume":"37","author":"Wang Y. L.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Minnan Normal University (Natural Science Edition)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20103\/j.stxb.202401240216"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A Study on the Pollination Biology of the Desert Spring\u2010Flowering Plant Stipa Grandiflora","volume":"42","author":"Wu S. M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Grassland Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","volume-title":"An Investigation Into the Reproductive Ecology of Fennel","author":"Yang S. L.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","volume-title":"A Study on Pollination and Reproductive Strategies in the Dioecious Plant Salix Longiphylla","author":"Zeng S. W.","year":"2022"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","first-page":"357","article-title":"Study on the Pollination System and Reproductive Strategy of the Dioecious Plant Salix Longiphylla","volume":"30","author":"Zeng S. W.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-1051.2010.00798.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","volume-title":"Reproductive Ecology Research on Nectar Presentation Strategies","author":"Zhao X. N.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11983\/CBB15194"}],"container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.73247","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ece3.73247","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.73247","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T04:57:05Z","timestamp":1782104225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ece3.73247"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ece3.73247"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ece3.73247","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.22541\/au.176183860.09624534\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-7758","2045-7758"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-7758","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-7758","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e73247"}}