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In the Hengduan Mountains,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Neotetracus sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>N. sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), the sole species of its genus, occupies cool montane forests and has limited dispersal. Here we assemble a high\u2010quality reference genome and resequenced individuals from two isolated ranges in Yunnan, specifically Gaoligong Mountains (GLG) and Wuliang Mountains (WL), to test how geographic isolation shapes genomic variation. Genome\u2010wide SNPs reveal clear population structure, with PCA and phylogeny concordantly resolving two distinct clades. Relatedness analysis shows no close\u2010kin duplicates, and ROH are uniformly short, indicating outbred genomes. Demographic reconstructions show a shared trajectory marked by expansion ~1.0\u2009Mya and a prolonged decline through the Middle\u2010Late Pleistocene. Despite a lower long\u2010term\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2091, WL population displays contemporary nucleotide diversity (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c0<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), consistent with very recent gene flow or rapid post\u2010bottleneck recovery. To robustly assess genomic differentiation and mitigate biases from the small WL sample size, we employed a strict two\u2010tiered filtering approach. The intersection of the top 1% relative (\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>st<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and absolute (\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>xy<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) divergence windows identified 5 core genomic islands, notably highlighting the DNA repair gene\n                    <jats:italic>MGMT<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a key candidate for environmental adaptation. Concurrently, functional enrichment of the broader top 1%\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>st<\/jats:sub>\n                    regions indicated an overrepresentation of pathways associated with synaptic and neuromodulatory signaling, cytoskeleton\u2010linked intracellular transport, and circadian regulation. These results provide a genomic framework for understanding how geographic isolation and montane environments shape divergence in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>N. sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.73375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T06:46:26Z","timestamp":1775457986000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Genomic Analysis and Population Divergence Driven by Geographic Isolation in\n                    <i>Neotetracus sinensis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9135-5074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianxuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Medicine Shandong University of Technology  Zibo Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nannan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Medicine Shandong University of Technology  Zibo Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihao","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Medicine Shandong University of Technology  Zibo Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhonglai","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Medicine Shandong University of Technology  Zibo Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Libo","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Medicine Shandong University of Technology  Zibo Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meidong","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences Nantong University  Nantong Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengtang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Medicine Shandong University of Technology  Zibo Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2015.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592\u2010021\u201001101\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab293"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2017.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab688"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2020.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty560"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592\u2010024\u201002269\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20107998.2009.00635.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"The Mammals of the Indomalayan Region: A Systematic Review","author":"Corbet G. 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