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Two individuals of\n \n M. lugubris<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n parasitizing two male crabs were collected from the Guadalquivir River estuary (SW Spain) in August 2024 and September 2025, while\n \n A. improvisus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n was found on the carapace of an ovigerous female in April 2025. This is the first worldwide record of\n \n M. lugubris<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n parasitizing\n \n C. sapidus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n in the host's non\u2010native range and the third European record for the leech, the first two having been documented on fish and turtles. Also, it is the first documentation of both associations with a crustacean host in European waters. Molecular analyses confirmed the identity of both non\u2010native species, with the\n \n M. lugubris<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n COI sequence showing the highest similarity (99.85%) to a non\u2010native Hawaiian specimen, and 100% similarity for\n \n A. improvisus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n . Given the blood\u2010feeding nature of\n \n M. lugubris<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and its role as a recognized pathogen vector, the establishment of this parasitic association poses an unquantified but substantial risk for the translocation and emergence of novel infectious diseases in native European fish and crustacean populations. Furthermore, this finding highlights the need for comprehensive health surveillance of commercially exploited\n \n C. sapidus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n populations across the non\u2010native range.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.73410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T08:17:39Z","timestamp":1775463459000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hitchhikers on an Invader: The Parasitic Leech\n Myzobdella lugubris<\/i>\n and the Epibiotic Barnacle\n Amphibalanus improvisus<\/i>\n on the Atlantic Blue Crab\n Callinectes sapidus<\/i>\n in Southwestern Europe"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4569-4782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo F.","family":"de Carvalho\u2010Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andaluc\u00eda (ICMAN\u2010CSIC) Campus Universitario R\u00edo San Pedro C\u00e1diz Spain"},{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Asociada \u201cCrecimiento Azul\u201d Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC)\u2014Instituto Andaluz de Investigaci\u00f3n y Formaci\u00f3n Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de la Producci\u00f3n Ecol\u00f3gica (IFAPA) C\u00e1diz Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0282-499X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Orteg\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andaluc\u00eda (ICMAN\u2010CSIC) Campus Universitario R\u00edo San Pedro C\u00e1diz Spain"},{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Asociada \u201cCrecimiento Azul\u201d Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC)\u2014Instituto Andaluz de Investigaci\u00f3n y Formaci\u00f3n Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de la Producci\u00f3n Ecol\u00f3gica (IFAPA) C\u00e1diz Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9482-2336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose A.","family":"Cuesta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andaluc\u00eda (ICMAN\u2010CSIC) Campus Universitario R\u00edo San Pedro C\u00e1diz Spain"},{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Asociada \u201cCrecimiento Azul\u201d Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC)\u2014Instituto Andaluz de Investigaci\u00f3n y Formaci\u00f3n Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de la Producci\u00f3n Ecol\u00f3gica (IFAPA) C\u00e1diz Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"351","volume-title":"Distribution, Impacts and Management","author":"Aladin N. 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