{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:07:51Z","timestamp":1792033671285,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Symbioses between remoras (Family Echeneidae) and marine megafauna are well\u2010documented across diverse lineages. However, despite recent advancements in understanding the intricacies of these interactions, the dynamics of these relationships remain poorly understood, largely due to the highly mobile nature of both host and symbiont. Here we report seven observations of Echeneidae cloacal diving behavior in manta rays. These observations span all three currently described species of manta rays (\n                    <jats:italic>Mobula yarae, Mobula birostris<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Mobula alfredi<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), demonstrate that large Echeneidae can perform cloacal diving behavior in both juvenile and adult manta rays, and show that this behavior occurs across multiple ocean basins. We also document one observation of Echeneidae attachment beneath a host's gill slit and several occurrences of gill injuries consistent with Echeneidae intrusion. These observations contribute to the growing database of Echeneidae\u2010host behavioral interactions and provide an important foundation for understanding the extent, diversity, and dynamics underlying these highly debated, cryptic megafauna\u2010symbiont interactions in marine environments. By providing new evidence of the complexity of symbiotic relationships in marine environments, this study also offers a multi\u2010species natural history context that may inform future research and conservation considerations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.73548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T13:00:20Z","timestamp":1778504420000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hiding in Plain Sight: Evidence of Echeneidae Cloacal and Gill Diving Behavior in Manta Ray Hosts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4291-2994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily A.","family":"Yeager","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science University of Miami  Miami Florida USA"},{"name":"Shark Research and Conservation Program, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science University of Miami  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8476-7211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Pate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Megafauna Foundation  West Palm Beach Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2056-9830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guy M. W.","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Manta Trust Catemwood House, Norwood Lane  Dorset UK"},{"name":"Maldives Manta Conservation Programme  Mal\u00e9 Republic of the Maldives"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryant","family":"Turffs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Megafauna Foundation  West Palm Beach Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2146-4966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Macdonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science University of Miami  Miami Florida USA"},{"name":"Shark Research and Conservation Program, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science University of Miami  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20063"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.3160"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps14750"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1441652"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b22502-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-373553-9.00216-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804327-1.00016-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.226654"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.10126"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.15759"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3897\/BDJ.11.e97864"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"209","volume-title":"Indo\u2010Pacific Fish Conference","author":"Homma K.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"Jason B.2018.\u201cWatch a Bold Little Bird Dive\u2010Bomb the World's Largest Fish. National Geographic.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/animals\/article\/whale\u2010shark\u2010cormorant\u2010bird\u2010cleaning\u2010suckerfish\u2010remora\u2010animals."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227\u2010025\u201004741\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10641\u2010024\u201001584\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12526\u2010023\u201001361\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227\u2010011\u20101634\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10164\u2010025\u201000852\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12526\u2010026\u201001643\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0253704"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20160"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/esr01054"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps14002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5343\/bms.2010.1082"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gecco.2026.e04073"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1679\u201062252006000100014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315425100416"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","unstructured":"Stevens G. N.Barros B.Laglbauer M.Dando D.Fernando andG.Notarbartolo di Sciara.2025.\u201cField Guide to Manta & Devil Rays of the World.\u201dManta Trust ISBN: 9780995588516."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9780691207216"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2022.773897"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aan8072"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1578\/AM.30.2.2004.327"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227\u2010025\u201004764\u20108"}],"container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.73548","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ece3.73548","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.73548","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T04:52:55Z","timestamp":1784609575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ece3.73548"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ece3.73548"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ece3.73548","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-7758","2045-7758"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-7758","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-7758","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e73548"}}