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Prey species use proactive responses, such as site selection and the adjustment of daily activity patterns to anticipate and avoid predation exposure. In contrast, reactive responses, including fleeing, referential signaling, and retaliation, occur after encountering a predator to mitigate the immediate predation risk. The presence of a predator in an area can also generate longer\u2010term responses, such as reactive avoidance, defined here as the temporary avoidance of the area following the passage of a predator. Such a long\u2010term reactive response remains understudied in primates. To investigate reactive avoidance, we analyzed an extensive camera trap data set of 3042 detections (defined here as a motion\u2010triggered event of three pictures per trigger during the day and one picture at night) of both chacma (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Papio ursinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) and olive (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Papio anubis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) baboons, including 6958 detections of their main predators, lions (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Panthera leo<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), leopards (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Panthera pardus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), and spotted hyenas (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Crocuta crocuta<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), in four savanna sites (Madikwe Game Reserve, Tswalu Kalahari Private Wildlife Reserve, and the Associated Private Nature Reserves, South Africa; Serengeti National Park, Tanzania). We examined whether baboons display species\u2010specific reactive avoidance toward predators up to 72\u2009h after the detection of a predator using randomization tests. We found no significant decrease in baboon presence (defined as the number of baboon detections) 0\u201324\u2009h, 24\u201348\u2009h, and 48\u201372\u2009h after the detection of any predator species. These results suggest that baboons may not display reactive avoidance and rely on alternative predator\u2010avoidance strategies, such as proactive avoidance or aggressive retaliation, to mitigate predation risk.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.73609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T01:50:01Z","timestamp":1778032201000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["No Evidence of Reactive Avoidance of Baboons (\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Papio ursinus<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Papio anubis<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    ) to the Presence of Predators"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7049-5876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"van Rooyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Laboratory, REHABS, CNRS\u2010NMU\u2010UCBL Nelson Mandela University  George South Africa"},{"name":"Sustainability Research Unit, George Campus Nelson Mandela University  George South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2323-1106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Thel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservation Management, Faculty of Science Nelson Mandela University  George South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4548-2571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. A.","family":"Venter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservation Management, Faculty of Science Nelson Mandela University  George South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7106-3661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.","family":"Fritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Laboratory, REHABS, CNRS\u2010NMU\u2010UCBL Nelson Mandela University  George South Africa"},{"name":"Sustainability Research Unit, George Campus Nelson Mandela University  George South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8519-1253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Prugnolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Laboratory, REHABS, CNRS\u2010NMU\u2010UCBL Nelson Mandela University  George South Africa"},{"name":"Sustainability Research Unit, George Campus Nelson Mandela University  George South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5873-5681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V.","family":"Rougeron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Laboratory, REHABS, CNRS\u2010NMU\u2010UCBL Nelson Mandela University  George South Africa"},{"name":"Sustainability Research Unit, George Campus Nelson Mandela University  George South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365\u20102656.12887"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.8237"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003\u2010024\u201006657\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098\u20102345(1998)46:1<63::AID\u2010AJP5>3.0.CO;2\u2010T"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7312\/bail90198-010"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","unstructured":"Beaumont P. 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