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Adult workers are major contributors to colony odour and play a central role in both pathogen transmission and collective disease defence (social immunity). We characterised VOC emissions from\n                    <jats:italic>Vairimorpha<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010infected and uninfected worker honey bees over a 14\u2010day infection time series using dynamic headspace sampling and two\u2010dimensional gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC\u2009\u00d7\u2009GC\u2013MS).\n                    <jats:italic>Vairimorpha<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. are globally important gut parasites linked to colony declines. VOC profiles differed significantly between control and infected bees when pooled across all time points, and at days 6 and 12 post\u2010infection, suggesting a \u2018smell\u2019 of infection. Random forest and redundancy analysis identified tetradecane, dodecane, and one unidentified compound as characteristic of early\u2010stage infections, and 3,4\u2010dimethylbenzaldehyde as more abundant during late\u2010stage infections. Our findings provide the first evidence that\n                    <jats:italic>Vairimorpha<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0spp. infection alters the VOC profile of adult honey bees. We detected robust shifts in VOC profiles that colonies may use to detect disease, which could be harnessed for applied surveillance and\/or highlight a potential role for infection odours in regulating social immunity, offering new directions for understanding how parasites interact with host communication systems in social animals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.73768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T04:59:20Z","timestamp":1780635560000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Wake Up and Smell the Infected Bees: Volatile Cues of\n                    <i>Vairimorpha<\/i>\n                    Infection in Honey Bees"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1491-6744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayman","family":"Asiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences Cardiff University  Cardiff UK"},{"name":"Game &amp; Wildlife Conservation Trust The Allerton Project  Loddington UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7457-2699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Perkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences Cardiff University  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0455-7132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carsten T.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biosciences Cardiff University  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.7b00088"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.207761"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2009.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/afe.12651"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173438"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13592\u2010017\u20100557\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.157123"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-90569-3_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b16511-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-011-2760-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(06)80001-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects10120441"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327906MBR0102_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102656.2009.01593.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arq070"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010ento\u2010020117\u2010043110"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Behavioral and Chemical Ecology","author":"Drijfhout F. 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