{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T04:05:38Z","timestamp":1784261138313,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Horse mackerel (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Trachurus trachurus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , Linnaeus, 1758) is an epipelagic fish commonly found in Moroccan Mediterranean waters. This study was aimed at studying the ecology by monitoring gonadal development and reproductive indices of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>T. trachurus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    populations along the eastern Moroccan Mediterranean coast over a 12\u2010month period. For that, a total of 390 specimens were sampled, with total lengths ranging from 7.8 to 33.8\u2009cm and weights from 3.78 to 310.52\u2009g. Several reproductive indices were analyzed. Monthly monitoring of the gonado\u2010somatic index (GSI) identified two spawning periods for\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>T. trachurus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    : the first in late winter\u2010early spring (February\u2013April), and the second in summer (July\u2013September), confirming that this species is a fractional spawner fish. The hepato\u2010somatic index (HSI) followed a similar trend to GSI, reflecting the energy allocation for reproduction. The size at first sexual maturity (L50) was estimated at 23.5\u2009cm for females and 22.5\u2009cm for males, representing critical metrics for fisheries management, as they help set regulatory guidelines, such as minimum landing sizes, and are also a prerequisite for estimating spawning stock biomass. The overall sex ratio showed a predominance in favor of males (62%) over females (38%). These results represent a valuable contribution to a better understanding of the biology of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>T. trachurus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , and to the implementation of stock assessment to ensure the sustainability of catches.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.73792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T22:24:07Z","timestamp":1780611847000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Studying of\n                    <i>Trachurus trachurus<\/i>\n                    (Linnaeus, 1758) Population Reproductive Dynamics in the Eastern Moroccan Mediterranean"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0568-1255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanae","family":"Nasri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment (LAPABE), Faculty of Sciences University Mohammed First  Oujda Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9817-8089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khaoula","family":"Kasmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment (LAPABE), Faculty of Sciences University Mohammed First  Oujda Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8799-0736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douaa","family":"Slimani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment (LAPABE), Faculty of Sciences University Mohammed First  Oujda Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9283-593X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Souad","family":"Abdellaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment (LAPABE), Faculty of Sciences University Mohammed First  Oujda Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5528-2282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reda","family":"Melhaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment (LAPABE), Faculty of Sciences University Mohammed First  Oujda Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3673-7904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Belkheir","family":"Hammouti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Euromed University of Fes UEMF  Fez Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9074-0122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shehdeh","family":"Jodeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry An\u2010Najah National University  Nablus Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1940-9888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalid","family":"Chaabane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment (LAPABE), Faculty of Sciences University Mohammed First  Oujda Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6194-1590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raed","family":"Alkowni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnology An\u2010Najah National University  Nablus Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026334532390"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2007.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/ajfar\/2022\/v16i730392"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps12985"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","volume-title":"ICES Annual Science Conference","author":"Alvarez 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