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In high\u2010altitude regions with extreme environmental conditions and strong ecological filtering effects, geomorphic and soil characteristics are critical factors influencing habitat utilization preferences. Previous studies of factors affecting wildlife habitat\u2010use preferences have primarily focused on low\u2010altitude areas. However, research remains scarce on the relationship between habitat utilization preferences of small mammals in plateau regions and geomorphic and soil characteristics. In this study, we selected 66 plots from 19 typical distribution areas of pikas in three counties of the Qinghai\u2010Tibetan Plateau to assess the relationship between the pika's habitat\u2010utilization preferences and geomorphic and soil characteristics at a large scale. The results revealed that the factors affecting the habitat use of pikas are potentially similar across regions. The resource selection index (\n                    <jats:italic>Ei<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) showed a clear preference for specific geomorphic and soil characteristics. In addition, we found a significant correlation between PC1\u2013PC4 and pika density, and both principal component analysis (PCA) and generalized additive models (GAM) indicated that all geomorphic and soil properties, except soil depth, affect the habitat use of pikas. Overall, pikas preferred flat terrain with a wide field of view (\u201cbeach\u201d) and sunny, south\u2010facing slopes; including running water sources, with the distance between the preferred habitats to water resources related to the type of water resources. In addition, pikas preferred loam (\n                    <jats:italic>Ei<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.258), soil depths &gt;\u200940\u2009cm (\n                    <jats:italic>Ei<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.214) but &lt;\u200960\u2009cm (\n                    <jats:italic>Ei<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.241), soil organic matter between 5% and 15% (\n                    <jats:italic>Ei<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.359) and soil moisture between 10% and 20% (\n                    <jats:italic>Ei<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.290). Our results highlight that the habitat\u2010utilization preferences of pikas are highly dependent on geomorphic and soil characteristics. Future analyses of factors affecting habitat utilization preferences for small mammals should take geomorphic and soil characteristics into consideration.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.73812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T07:11:23Z","timestamp":1780902683000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Habitat Utilization Preference by Small Mammals Is Associated With Geomorphic and Soil Properties: A Case Study of the Plateau Pika From the Eastern Qinghai\u2010Tibet Plateau"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5203-483X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faming","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, College of Life Sciences China West Normal University  Nanchong China"},{"name":"Liziping Giant Panda's Ecology and Conservation Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province  Nanchong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, College of Life Sciences China West Normal University  Nanchong China"},{"name":"Liziping Giant Panda's Ecology and Conservation Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province  Nanchong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongmin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gannan Grassland Workstation in Gansu Province  Hezuo China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria K.","family":"Oosthuizen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mammal Research Institute University of Pretoria  Hatfield South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenghui","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Grassland Science Gannan Tibetan Academy of Agriculture  Hezuo China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanrong","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, College of Life Sciences China West Normal University  Nanchong China"},{"name":"Liziping Giant Panda's Ecology and Conservation Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province  Nanchong China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro\u2010Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141283"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2007.0906-7590.05318.x"},{"issue":"25","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"146","article-title":"Physiological Adaptation of Animals to the Change of Environment: A Review","volume":"4","author":"Asres A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","article-title":"Cardiac Adaptation to High Altitude in the Plateau Pika (\n                     Ochotona curzoniae\n                  )","volume":"1","author":"Aur\u00e9lien P.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiological Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2193\/2008-503"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-011-2072-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2010.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"1831","article-title":"The Relationship Between Plateau Pika Habitat Selection and Snowfall","volume":"38","author":"Chang M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pratacultural Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2010.06.075"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"681","article-title":"Theories and Models of Habitat Selection","volume":"28","author":"Dai Q.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zoological Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02270700"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2006.02893.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072838"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15070902"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","first-page":"415","article-title":"Distribution and Cause of Plateau Pika (\n                     Ochotona curzoniae\n                  ) Burrows in Henan Mongolian Autonomous County, Qinghai Province","volume":"46","author":"Du J. 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Y.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Current Science"}],"container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.73812","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ece3.73812","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.73812","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T03:41:30Z","timestamp":1784259690000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ece3.73812"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ece3.73812"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ece3.73812","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-7758","2045-7758"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-7758","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-7758","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e73812"}}