{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T03:06:35Z","timestamp":1788923195162,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004883","name":"Shahrekord University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["688MIGRD94"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["688MIGRD94"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004883","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n The cyprinid genus\n Cyprinion<\/jats:italic>\n , comprising nine species distributed from the Indus drainage across the Iranian Plateau to Mesopotamia and the Arabian Peninsula, exhibits contentious species boundaries due to extensive morphological overlap and limited molecular data. In this study, we integrated mitochondrial DNA (\n COI<\/jats:italic>\n ) sequences and genome\u2010wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data to investigate the phylogenetic relationships, taxonomy, and biogeography of six species:\n \n C. acinaces<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n \n C. kais<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n \n C. macrostomum<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n \n C. microphthalmum<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n C. mhalense<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n C. muscatense<\/jats:italic>\n . Mitochondrial analyses revealed extremely shallow divergence among\n \n C. macrostomum<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n \n C. kais<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n \n C. acinaces<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , and\n \n C. tenuiradius<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , sharing identical or closely related haplotypes. In contrast, genome\u2010wide SNP analyses resolved most taxa as distinct genomic clusters. Clustering and gene\u2010flow analyses identified five major genetic groups and revealed patterns consistent with historical introgression, particularly between\n \n C. macrostomum<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n \n C. acinaces<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n . Despite shallow mitochondrial divergence, genome\u2010wide SNP analyses revealed differentiation among several taxa, providing preliminary support for lineage divergence. However, these interpretations remain constrained by limited genomic sampling, and alternative explanations including incomplete lineage sorting cannot be excluded. Our results further refine biogeographic hypotheses for\n Cyprinion<\/jats:italic>\n species, suggesting that recent dispersal and historical connectivity among Mesopotamian, Iranian, and Arabian drainages may have been facilitated by palaeodrainage systems active during the Late Pleistocene. In addition, analysis of unpublished GenBank\n COI<\/jats:italic>\n sequences suggests that\n \n C. tenuiradius<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , previously considered restricted to northern Persian Gulf drainages, may also occur on the Arabian Peninsula. This study provides the first genomic framework for understanding the taxonomy and biogeography of\n Cyprinion<\/jats:italic>\n in western Asia.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.73893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T12:26:25Z","timestamp":1785500785000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mito\u2010Nuclear Discordance and Species Boundaries in the Freshwater Fish Genus\n Cyprinion<\/i>\n Revealed by Genome\u2010Wide\n SNPs<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8356-9566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iraj","family":"Hashemzadeh Segherloo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences Shahr\u2010e\u2010Kord University Shahr\u2010e\u2010Kord Iran"},{"name":"Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2403-0805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias F.","family":"Geiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig Bonn NRW Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2841-9391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Normandeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plateforme de Bio\u2010informatique de l'IBIS (Institut de Biologie Int\u00e9grative et des Syst\u00e8mes) Universit\u00e9 Laval Qu\u00e9bec Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7042-3127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Freyhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-8944-7_15"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.094052.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2020.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"411","article-title":"A Revision of the Species of the Cyprinion macrostomus\u2010Group (Pisces: Cyprinidae). 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