{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T09:27:25Z","timestamp":1787218045252,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011103","name":"Rann\u00eds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["185529\u2010051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["185529\u2010051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Our overall aim was to assess the sustainability of exploitation of slow\u2010growing, long\u2010lived intertidal\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Ascophyllum nodosum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    forests. They have been mechanically harvested for almost 50\u2009years in Brei\u00f0afj\u00f6r\u00f0ur, Iceland, but there is a lack of long\u2010term local research as various local factors can impact the recovery time of Ascophyllum. Post\u2010harvest studies of the\n                    <jats:italic>Ascophyllum<\/jats:italic>\n                    stands are important for understanding recovery, particularly re\u2010growth of fronds on individual plants and population structure of the resource to inform management. At four sites, we demarcated two control plots and one harvest plot which was mechanically harvested by the local seaweed harvesting team. Biomass and cover of all fucoids and plant height of\n                    <jats:italic>Ascophyllum<\/jats:italic>\n                    plants were measured on shore transects from 2016 to 2021.\n                    <jats:italic>Ascophyllum<\/jats:italic>\n                    harvesting was most efficient in the middle and lower parts of its zone on the shore due to tidal and mechanical constraints of cutters on the upper shore. Efficiency of the harvesting at mid and low shore ranged from 35% to 66% biomass removal at sites where harvesting effort was measured.\n                    <jats:italic>Ascophyllum<\/jats:italic>\n                    reached pre\u2010harvest cover within 3\u2009years at all sites.\n                    <jats:italic>Ascophyllum<\/jats:italic>\n                    biomass recovered within 5\u2009years at all sites; but pre\u2010harvest plant height had not been reached within the 5\u2010year study period. Harvesting efficiency varied among the four sites due to variability in shore topography. Despite the large biomass removed, it was difficult to distinguish between the effect of harvesting and occasional disturbance events such as storms. We confirmed the efficacy of rotation of harvesting on a 5\u2010year\u2009cycle. Sustainable stewardship of\n                    <jats:italic>Ascophyllum<\/jats:italic>\n                    benefits from the complex topography of Icelandic shores leading to refuges from cutting, coupled with rotation among shores.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.73926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T14:59:08Z","timestamp":1782917948000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recovery Following Harvesting of\n                    <i>Ascophyllum nodosum<\/i>\n                    Forests: Impacts on Populations and Canopy Composition"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1771-6438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilja","family":"Gunnarsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine &amp; Freshwater Research Institute  Hafnarfj\u00f6r\u00f0ur Iceland"},{"name":"Department of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Iceland  Reykjav\u00edk Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1756-9255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton University of Southampton  Southampton UK"},{"name":"The Marine Biological Association of the UK  Plymouth UK"},{"name":"School of Biological and Marine Sciences University of Plymouth  Plymouth UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1842-7515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f6rundur","family":"Svavarsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Iceland  Reykjav\u00edk Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6565-2841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela J.","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine &amp; Freshwater Research Institute  Hafnarfj\u00f6r\u00f0ur Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4086-7771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl","family":"Gunnarsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine &amp; Freshwater Research Institute  Hafnarfj\u00f6r\u00f0ur Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1940691"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1940692"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00049035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps07814"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","volume-title":"Regrowth of Ascophyllum nodosum After Harvesting","author":"Baardseth E. 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