{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:49:25Z","timestamp":1791431365974,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Anthropogenic plastic pollution is rapidly becoming embedded in terrestrial ecosystems, yet its long\u2010term persistence in raptor nesting structures and its transfer across species remain largely overlooked. We investigated the occurrence of macroplastic debris (\u2265\u200920\u2009mm) in nests of the Long\u2010legged Buzzard (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Buteo rufinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) across its breeding range in Dobrogea, Romania, during the 2025 breeding season. A total of 172 historically recorded nest locations were surveyed, of which 60 were confirmed as actively used by Long\u2010legged Buzzards and 68 were reused by secondary species, while the remainder were unoccupied, degraded, or had disappeared. Macroplastic materials were recorded in 63.93% of Long\u2010legged Buzzard nests, a frequency substantially higher than in nests occupied by Common Kestrels (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Falco tinnunculus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ; 14.89%,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200946) and Eurasian Magpies (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Pica pica<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ; 5.26%,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200919), differences that were statistically significant (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u200937.49, df\u2009=\u20092,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In all secondary users, plastic debris was confined to the basal nest layer, indicating that materials persisted from original buzzard constructions and were subsequently inherited through interspecific nest reuse. Distance to the nearest settlement was the only statistically significant environmental predictor of plastic abundance (\n                    <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22122.878,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.004, 95% CI: 0.0002\u20130.001), with nests located closer to human settlements containing significantly higher numbers of plastic items. These findings reveal that raptor nests can function as long\u2010term reservoirs of plastic pollution, enabling multi\u2010seasonal and cross\u2010species exposure within avian communities sharing the same nesting infrastructure. Our study identifies a plausible and previously overlooked pathway through which anthropogenic waste may accumulate and persist in terrestrial ecosystems, with potential consequences for nestling survival through entanglement and exposure to plastic\u2010associated contaminants, underscoring the need to integrate plastic pollution monitoring into raptor conservation frameworks.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.73948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T04:50:58Z","timestamp":1788843058000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tracing Human Footprint in Bird Nests: Plastic Occurrence and Drivers in the Long\u2010Legged Buzzard (\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Buteo rufinus<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Emanuel\u2010\u0218tefan","family":"Baltag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Biological Research Station \u201cProf. Dr. Ioan Borcea\u201d \u201cAlexandru Ioan Cuza\u201d University of Ia\u0219i  Agigea Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitalie","family":"Ajder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICI RECENT AIR Center, Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research on the Marine Environment and Marine Terrestrial Atmosphere Al. I. Cuza University of Iasi, Prof. Dr. Ioan Borcea Marine Biological Station  Agigea, Constan\u0163a Romania"},{"name":"Institute of Ecology and Geography, of the Moldova State University  Chisinau Republic of Moldova"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9442-606X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura\u2010Elena","family":"Topal\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Biological Research Station \u201cProf. Dr. Ioan Borcea\u201d \u201cAlexandru Ioan Cuza\u201d University of Ia\u0219i  Agigea Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology University of Bucharest  Bucharest Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ianula","family":"Du\u021b\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ovidius University of Constanta, Institute of Doctoral Studies  Constanta Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viorel Dumitru","family":"Gavril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology Bucharest, Romanian Academy  Bucharest Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"176","article-title":"Reproduction and Behaviour of the Long\u2010Legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus) in North\u2010Eastern Greece","volume":"39","author":"Alivizatos H.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Die Vogelwarte"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10211-010-0077-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2017.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"Ecologia \u0219orecarilor (Aves: Buteo) din partea de est a Moldovei (Rom\u00e2nia) \u2010 [Common Buzzard ecology (Aves: Buteo) in Eastern Moldova (Romania)]","author":"Baltag E. 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