{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T15:50:36Z","timestamp":1790005836880,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["433123530"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["433123530"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Ecophysiological rules such as the\n                    <jats:italic>Heat Conservation<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Thermal Melanism Hypotheses,<\/jats:italic>\n                    the\n                    <jats:italic>Heat Transfer Theory<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>Bogert's Rule<\/jats:italic>\n                    predict different relationships between insect body size, colour lightness and thermal environments. Forests provide scale\u2010dependent thermal conditions \u2013 strong macroclimatic gradients across regions and microclimatic buffering depending on canopy density, with dense canopies producing cooler, more stable conditions and open canopies allowing higher light and heat input. Consequently, trait\u2013environment relationships may vary accordingly. Here we test across both macro\u2010 and microclimatic scales whether temperature and solar radiation shape insect communities across different taxa with distinct activity periods. Location: Five forest regions across Germany. Time period: 2007\u20132018, non\u2010continuous sampling. Major taxa studied: Predominantly diurnal Coleoptera and Heteroptera and nocturnal Lepidoptera. We used linear mixed effect models to test the response of mean community values to macro\u2010 and micro\u2010climatic variables. We found smaller Coleoptera and smaller and lighter\u2010coloured Lepidoptera with increasing seasonal mean temperature, in line with the\n                    <jats:italic>Heat Conservation<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Thermal Melanism Hypotheses<\/jats:italic>\n                    . However, increasing solar radiation became increasingly important at microclimatic scales, with consistently smaller and darker\u2010coloured Coleoptera and darker\u2010coloured Lepidoptera in forests with open canopies, in line with the\n                    <jats:italic>Heat Transfer Theory<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Bogert's Rule<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Heteroptera showed only a response in body size at the macroclimatic scale. Our findings suggest that cross\u2010taxon community responses to macroclimate follow different mechanisms than those to microclimate and might be determined by the life history traits of the selected taxa. Further studies on arthropods with different activity periods in forests along microclimate gradients will help to further disentangle these mechanisms. Changes in macroclimate caused by climate change, along with changes in canopy cover at the microclimatic level, make understanding the mechanism how this leads to scale\u2010dependent environmental trait filtering and consequently affects insect communities increasingly important.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.74027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T04:35:35Z","timestamp":1786595735000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Different Scales, Different Rules: How Do Temperature and Radiation Across Macro\u2010 and Microclimate Shape Forest Insect Traits?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4327-0346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth","family":"Pickert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Conservation Biology and Forest Ecology, Ecological Station Fabrikschleichach, Faculty of Biology, Biocenter, Theodor\u2010Boveri Institute for Biosciences Julius\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg  W\u00fcrzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Heidrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Informatics, Department of Geography University of Marburg  Marburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumen","family":"Mallick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Conservation Biology and Forest Ecology, Ecological Station Fabrikschleichach, Faculty of Biology, Biocenter, Theodor\u2010Boveri Institute for Biosciences Julius\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg  W\u00fcrzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8938-6680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Hagge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest German Forest Research Institute Forest Nature Conservation  Hann. M\u00fcnden Germany"},{"name":"University of G\u00f6ttingen Forest Nature Conservation  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Lehnert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography Ludwig\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Mitesser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Conservation Biology and Forest Ecology, Ecological Station Fabrikschleichach, Faculty of Biology, Biocenter, Theodor\u2010Boveri Institute for Biosciences Julius\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg  W\u00fcrzburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soyeon","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Farm Economics Johann Heinrich von Th\u00fcnen Institute  Braunschweig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inken","family":"D\u00f6rfler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology and Environmental Science, Vegetation Science &amp; Nature Conservation University of Oldenburg  Oldenburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1516-6364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin M.","family":"Gossner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Entomology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL  Birmensdorf Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH Z\u00fcrich  Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4808-818X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Schall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones. Georg\u2010August\u2010Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2757-8959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang W.","family":"Weisser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department for Life Science Systems, School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich  Freising Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1409-1586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Conservation Biology and Forest Ecology, Ecological Station Fabrikschleichach, Faculty of Biology, Biocenter, Theodor\u2010Boveri Institute for Biosciences Julius\u2010Maximilians\u2010Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg  W\u00fcrzburg Germany"},{"name":"Bavarian Forest National Park  Grafenau Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2021.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.6596"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1127\/entomologia\/2024\/2246"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(97)01058-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-020-04738-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddi.13204"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","unstructured":"Bae S. 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Dataset.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.bexis.uni\u2010jena.de\/ddm\/data\/Showdata\/25206?version=3."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12737-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.037911"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2486.2002.00451.x"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"The BIOKLIM Project: Biodiversity Research Between Climate Change and Wildling in a Temperate Monetare Forest\u2014The Conceptual Framework","volume":"7","author":"B\u00e4ssler C.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Wald\u00f6kologie, Landschaftsforschung Und Naturschutz"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","unstructured":"Bates D. 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