{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T03:06:32Z","timestamp":1788923192291,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Population genetic studies provide important data for evidence\u2010based conservation and management of marine mammal species. Obtaining tissue and genetic material from marine mammals is challenging, often leading to limited sample sizes, however emerging least\u2010invasive sampling methods, such as extra\u2010organismal DNA (e.g., blows) and environmental DNA (eDNA) (e.g., water), have the potential to provide additional samples for intra\u2010specific genetic studies. Thus, this study aimed at further investigating population genetic structure of Irish bottlenose dolphins (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Tursiops truncatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) by corroborating samples sourced with direct methods (e.g., biopsies of free\u2010ranging dolphins and tissue from dead dolphins) (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200967) with samples collected using least invasive indirect methods (eDNA isolated from water, or extraorganismal DNA from blows, faeces, and sloughed skin, collected opportunistically in proximity to individuals) (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200952). Using 15 microsatellite markers, a 540\u2009bp portion of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region and nuclear sex markers, intra\u2010specific genetic information was obtained from samples sourced with indirect methods, including previously\u2010known mtDNA haplotypes recovered from 11 samples (21% success rate) and consistent microsatellite genotypes from 5 of 15 markers, sufficient for assigning individuals to population of origin. This work led to the most comprehensive population genetic study of Irish bottlenose dolphins to date (140 individuals), confirming the presence of three genetically distinct populations, namely an offshore ecotype and two coastal resident populations (the Shannon Estuary and the Connemara\u2010Mayo\u2010Donegal population). Importantly, findings from this study provide corroborative evidence that Shannon dolphins use Brandon Bay (Co. Kerry) as a key foraging area, which is outside the current Shannon Estuary Special Area of Conservation (SAC) boundary, hence advocating a revision of such boundaries. Additionally, this study included samples from a number of Irish \u201csolitary\u201d dolphins, which were genetically assigned to the offshore ecotype, further showcasing least\u2010invasive sampling methods, including eDNA, as a promising tools for the study of intra\u2010specific genetic variation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.74035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T00:59:23Z","timestamp":1786755563000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhancing Intra\u2010Specific Population Genetic Studies of Bottlenose Dolphins (\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Tursiops truncatus<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    ) in Irish Waters by Integrating Least Invasive Sampling and Environmental\n                    <scp>DNA<\/scp>\n                    (\n                    <scp>eDNA<\/scp>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"De Bonis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University College Cork  Cork Ireland"},{"name":"Atlantic Technological University  Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogna","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Institute  Oranmore Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9751-0255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean","family":"O'Callaghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlantic Technological University  Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mags","family":"Daly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Irish Whale and Dolphin Group  Kilrush Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jade","family":"Maes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlantic Technological University  Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Berrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlantic Technological University  Galway Ireland"},{"name":"Irish Whale and Dolphin Group  Kilrush Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9601-1457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Mirimin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlantic Technological University  Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2307345120"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.15765"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/conservation4040051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0291187"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-7692.1998.tb00758.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/bae.2016.0023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/edn3.70024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"Berrow S. M.Daly S.Levesque J.O'Callaghan G.O'Connor andJ.O'Brien.2025.\u201cBoat\u2010Based Visual Surveys for Bottlenose Dolphin in the West Connacht Coast SAC in 2025.\u201dNational Parks and Wildlife Service Department of Housing Heritage and Local Government Ireland 41 pp."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy","author":"Berrow S. D.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1578\/AM.38.2.2012.136"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1578\/AM.46.3.2020.307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","unstructured":"Bl\u00e1zquez M. L.Mirimin N.Massett et\u00a0al. submitted.\u201cBlow Sampling Using Drones: A Real Alternative to Gather Novel Information on Irish Humpback Whales?\u201d."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-8286.2002.00302.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2014.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse9060650"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mms.12342"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2006.01284.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2005.02676.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13915"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2989\/1814232X.2016.1167780"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z83-123"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13451"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12686-011-9548-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.4644"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2010.02847.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012299"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.3335"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.1997.tb00140.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2009.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","volume-title":"Lone Rangers. 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W.Potter.1995.\u201cRecognizing Two Populations of the Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) of the Atlantic Coast of North America\u2010Morphologic and Ecologic Considerations.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1795.2010.00432.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2005.3076"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12686-025-01382-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2007.0176"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2018.00331"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.4343"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esz039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aqc.3139"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"A Note on Long\u2010Distance Matches of Bottlenose Dolphins (\n                     Tursiops truncatus\n                  ) Around the Irish Coast Using Photo\u2010Identification","volume":"11","author":"O'Brien J. 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