{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T09:27:18Z","timestamp":1787218038166,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005375","name":"Latvijas Zin\u0101tnes Padome","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["lzp\u20102022\/1\u20100059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["lzp\u20102022\/1\u20100059"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005375","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Multiple lytic lesions of the cranial vault are among the most diagnostically ambiguous findings in paleopathology, since at least three pathological processes (metastatic carcinoma, multiple myeloma and disseminated tuberculosis) can produce morphologically convergent \u201cpunched\u2010out\u201d foci, while diagenetic erosion can mimic all three. Differential diagnosis based on macroscopic observation alone is therefore frequently inconclusive. The recent debate about whether multiple myeloma should be regarded as an ancient disease at all further reinforces the need for adjunct diagnostic streams. We hypothesised that, in a single archaeological individual presenting with multiple lytic cranial lesions, the integration of high\u2010resolution computed tomography (CT, including assessment of the postcranial skeleton) with shotgun ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis can constrain the differential diagnosis between metastatic carcinoma, multiple myeloma and tuberculosis even when overall aDNA preservation is limited. We analysed the cranium and the first cervical vertebra (atlas, C1) of a 40\u201350\u2010year\u2010old female from a disturbed grave at the \u010cunk\u0101ni\u2010Dre\u0146\u0123eri cemetery, Latvia, dated to the 10th CEntury CE, by subjecting it to direct visual paleopathological examination, computed tomographic and aDNA analysis. CT and aDNA streams support different leading diagnoses: CT favours metastatic carcinoma based on irregular margins and lesion\u2010size variability, whereas aDNA provides a weak signal compatible with tuberculosis. Hyperdiploid multiple myeloma is effectively excluded. The combined cranial\u2010plus\u2010cervical pattern is consistent with hematogenously disseminated systemic disease, and the partial diagenetic component requires histological and X\u2010ray fluorescence spectrometry authentication of lesion margins. The discordance between CT and aDNA streams demonstrates that single\u2010stream paleopathological assessment can be misleading, and that targeted\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>M.\u2009tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in\u2010solution capture should be the next step.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.74058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T01:44:47Z","timestamp":1784857487000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multidisciplinary Exploration of Computed\u2010Tomographic and Ancient\u2010\n                    <scp>DNA<\/scp>\n                    Data of an Iron Age Skull From Latvia With Multiple Lytic Bone Lesions: Differential Diagnosis Between Metastatic Carcinoma, Multiple Myeloma and Skeletal Tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5695-7798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alise","family":"Akermane\u2010Pok\u0161\u0101ne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre  Riga Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u0101nis","family":"\u0136imsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre  Riga Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El\u012bna","family":"P\u0113tersone\u2010Gordina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Humanities, Institute of Latvian History University of Latvia  Riga Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonija","family":"Vilc\u0101ne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Humanities, Institute of Latvian History University of Latvia  Riga Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guntis","family":"Gerhards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Humanities, Institute of Latvian History University of Latvia  Riga Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u0101rti\u0146\u0161","family":"P\u0113terfelds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Riga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University  Riga Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u0101te","family":"Ranka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre  Riga Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2311020452"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"Examination of Sarmatian\u2010Age Human Skeletal Remains From the Madaras Graves","volume":"156","author":"Ant\u00f3nia M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Universitatis Carolinae. 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