{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:49:32Z","timestamp":1791431372280,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Mosquito\u2010borne viruses like dengue, Zika, and chikungunya pose increasing health risks in the United States due to the expanding range of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , a highly invasive mosquito species that now has a global distribution.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    thrive in artificial containers associated with anthropogenic land use, allowing populations to reach high numbers in urban and suburban environments. While the global spread of\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                    has been well characterized, the effects of heterogeneous urban landscapes on dispersal and gene flow at fine spatial scales remain unclear. This study analyzed the genetic connectivity of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    populations collected in Wake County, North Carolina in 2018. We used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) data from double\u2010digest restriction\u2010enzyme associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) and examined genetic connectivity through principal component analysis (PCA) and genetic network analysis. We then evaluated migration and source\u2010sink dynamics using a Bayesian approach for SNP data (BA3\u2010SNP). We found little evidence of genetic clustering or isolated populations of\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Wake County, suggesting high gene flow between sites. Migration analysis demonstrated asymmetric gene flow from rural to urban regions within Wake County, with greater gene flow occurring between and within urban regions. These findings suggest that the pattern of gene flow of\n                    <jats:italic>Ae. albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations within local metropolitan areas may involve urban city centers serving as genetic sinks and surrounding suburban and rural regions serving as sources. This study highlights how heterogeneous landscapes shape mosquito population connectivity and migration at fine spatial scales, which is critical for informing vector control and public health intervention strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.74082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T05:10:13Z","timestamp":1788844213000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fine\u2010Scale Landscape Genomics Show Asymmetric Patterns of Gene Flow for the Invasive Mosquito\n                    <i>Aedes albopictus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0109-0821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica Y.","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4047-8941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily M. X.","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7307-9416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael H.","family":"Reiskind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6826-9215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martha O.","family":"Burford Reiskind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjac054"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u2010294X.2010.04757.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.12276"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41437\u2010020\u20100295\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","volume-title":"Landscape Genetics: Concepts, Methods, Applications","author":"Balkenhol N.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5439.509"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u2010294X.2010.04679.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2013.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1755\u20100998.12527"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/g3.111.000240"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10592\u2010019\u201001206\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"City Planning.2025.\u201c2030 Comprehensive Plan Update.\u201dRaleigh.https:\/\/raleighnc.gov\/planning\/services\/2030\u2010comprehensive\u2010plan."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.4056"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980\u2010010\u20109467\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030136"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2019.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1415\u201047572013000400002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v022.i04"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","unstructured":"Dyer R.2016.\u201cgstudio: Tools Related to the Spatial Analysis of Genetic Marker Data.\u201dR Package."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010ecolsys\u2010112414\u2010054150"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u2010294X.2004.02177.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u2010294X.2010.04748.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010017\u201012652\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.15315"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1107549108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gecco.2024.e03119"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752\u20104571.2008.00047.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.12089"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.122653799"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3897\/neobiota.78.84986"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","volume-title":"Google Earth [Computer Software]","author":"Google","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0269\u2010283X.2004.00513.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14059"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.115.182626"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007552"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10592\u2010018\u20101125\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980\u2010014\u20100082\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Biology of \n                     Aedes albopictus","volume":"1","author":"Hawley W. 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