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Regional floras represent biased samples of this global diversification shaped by dispersal, extinction and environmental filtering, yet it remains unclear whether floristic age structure reflects pollination strategies or their interaction with palaeoclimates. We constructed a 93% resolved phylogeny of all native 1178 angiosperms in the Netherlands and characterized age structure of eight pollination syndromes by standardized epoch\u2010specific lineage diversities (stELDs) quantifying the proportional increase in lineages per 10\u2010Myr interval. Overall, stELDs peaked under the coldest intervals and were lowest for intermediate\u2010temperature intervals (geological age alone had no effect). This age structure was strongest in wind\u2010pollinated species. Resolving insect pollination into six syndromes revealed strong heterogeneity: lepidoptera\u2010pollination was most strongly associated with warmest palaeotemperatures, bumblebee and wasp\u2010pollination under intermediate temperatures, and fly, lepidoptera and beetle\u2010pollination under coldest temperatures. Paleotemperature signatures correlated positively with contemporary seasonal flowering temperatures, indicating conserved thermal niches across ecological and macroevolutionary timescales. We suggest that temperate floras reflect both recent cold\u2010house diversification of wind\u2010 and certain insect\u2010pollinated lineages and earlier warm\u2010house radiations of lineages pollinated by older insect clades. Phylogenetic age structures permit detecting such patterns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.74150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T13:26:40Z","timestamp":1786454800000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Signals of Paleotemperature in the Age Structure and Seasonal Distribution of Pollination Syndromes Across a Temperate Region"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6740-4725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Lecl\u00e8re","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Estonian University of Life Sciences  Tartu Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2909-6205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Bartish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Ecology Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pille","family":"Gerhold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Estonian University of Life Sciences  Tartu Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Prinzing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit \u201cEcosystem, Biodiversity, Evolution\u201d Universit\u00e9 de Rennes\/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Campus de Beaulieu  Rennes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aobpla\/plu003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.12443"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2442833"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19932-0_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.13556"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/geb.12408"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00984108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365\u20102656.13319"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1276"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2014.1049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12062"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2005571117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.0800126"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v034.i02"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07764"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(02)02540-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365\u20102745.12154"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-69099-5_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"302","volume-title":"Butterflies and Climate Change","author":"Dennis R. 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