{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T02:01:41Z","timestamp":1790647301311,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Cave beetles are an excellent group for studying evolutionary history and speciation within cave habitats. However, they are underrepresented in such research, particularly in North America, a hotspot of cave biodiversity, where beetles account for a significant proportion of documented taxa. This study aims to elucidate the evolutionary history and possible connectivity or barriers to gene flow among populations of the central Kentucky endemic cave beetle,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Neaphaenops tellkampfii<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (Erichson), and to test the validity of four proposed subspecies. We collected specimens from 62 caves, extracted DNA, and sequenced 1169 bp of the Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I (CO1) gene, resulting in 36 phylogenetically informative sites for the ingroup. Using this CO1 data, we constructed Bayesian, Maximum Likelihood, and Parsimony phylogenetic trees and also visualized the genetic structure. All the analyses illustrated two distinct southern and northern mega\u2010populations of this beetle, separated by the Barren River. Based on molecular evidence, here we propose a new concept that the four morphologically defined subspecies should be considered invalid. The three northern subspecies:\n                    <jats:italic>N. t. tellkampfii<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Erichson),\n                    <jats:italic>N. t. viator<\/jats:italic>\n                    Barr, and\n                    <jats:italic>N. t. henroti<\/jats:italic>\n                    Jeannel should be recognized as the single species\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>N. tellkampfii<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (Erichson), while the southern subspecies\n                    <jats:italic>N. t. meridionalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    Barr should be raised to species level as\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>N. meridionalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    Barr, New Status. This study also discovered 26 new\n                    <jats:italic>Neaphaenops<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations. High genetic similarity was observed within each clade, potentially indicating a high level of historical or recent interconnectivity among the caves within the Mississippian Plateau that facilitates underground dispersal and gene flow. Together, our study shows that\n                    <jats:italic>Neaphaenops<\/jats:italic>\n                    or other cave beetles can serve as a biological model for studying speciation, gene flow, evolutionary history, and connectivity within cave systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.74186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:14:18Z","timestamp":1790644458000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phylogeography and Population Genetics of the Kentucky Endemic Cave Beetle Genus\n                    <i>Neaphaenops<\/i>\n                    Jeannel (1920) (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1675-593X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahamad Sayab","family":"Miya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Systematics and Evolution Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences Western Kentucky University  Bowling Green Kentucky USA"},{"name":"Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology University of Arkansas  Fayetteville Arkansas USA"},{"name":"Center for Agricultural Data Analytics University of Arkansas  Fayetteville Arkansas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4624-4732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elise","family":"Valkanas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology St. Mary's College of Maryland  St. Mary's City Maryland USA"},{"name":"Commercial Diagnostics and Bioinformatics Sarepta Therapeutics  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1190-4019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. 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