{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:49:31Z","timestamp":1791431371579,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000202","name":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F23AP01457\u201000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F23AP01457\u201000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000202","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000202","name":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F17AP006556"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F17AP006556"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000202","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100026374","name":"Nuttall Ornithological Club","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100026374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Migration is the riskiest portion of the annual breeding cycle, with long\u2010distance migratory birds enduring long periods of varied landscapes, dangerous weather, and geographical barriers such as long stretches of open water. Therefore, birds utilize a combination of both innate (i.e., genetic) and environmental cues to maximize their chances of survival during migration. Studies have suggested that short\u2010distance migrants are more likely to adjust migration timing to match non\u2010endogenous cues like local weather conditions, while long\u2010distance migrants rely heavily on genetically\u2010ingrained behaviors to determine the start of spring migration. While many studies have examined the effects of environmental variables and genetics individually, few have examined the combined effects of these influences throughout the annual cycle of a migratory songbird species. We examined the correlation of both genetics and the environmental conditions experienced by a long\u2010distance migrant, the Bobolink (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Dolichonyx oryzivorus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), with the timing and latitude of seven migratory events throughout their annual cycle. To our knowledge, this is the first study to document the possible effects of genetic relatedness throughout the annual cycle of a long\u2010distance migratory songbird using neutral genetic markers. Genetic relatedness was highly correlated with the timing (4 of 7) rather than latitude (1 of 7) of migration events. Departure from pre\u2010water crossing stages, arrival to wintering grounds and departure from South America were the only migration events in the annual cycle where neither the timing nor location of the event were correlated with genetic relatedness. While weather had significant effects at several points in the annual cycle, these trends were often correlated with differences in latitude or timing between males and females. This study provides direct support for the long\u2010held theory that long\u2010distance migrants largely rely on innate behavior instead of environmental conditions to inform migration decisions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.74245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T19:56:31Z","timestamp":1790452591000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genetics, Not Weather, Informs Migration Behaviors in a Long\u2010Distance Migrant Songbird"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Kathryn E.","family":"McGee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of New England  Biddeford Maine USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9338-8953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven E.","family":"Travis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of New England  Biddeford Maine USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan M.","family":"Strong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of Vermont  Burlington Vermont USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1342-5297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noah G.","family":"Perlut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine and Environmental Programs University of New England  Biddeford Maine USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2003.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2019.108266"},{"issue":"1974","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","article-title":"Clock\u2010Linked Genes Underlie Seasonal Migratory Timing in a Diurnal Raptor","volume":"289","author":"Bossu C. 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