{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:50:52Z","timestamp":1791431452829,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In order to ensure the effective conservation of the critically endangered European hamster (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Cricetus cricetus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), there is a necessity for the implementation of targeted conservation measures and reliable monitoring methods. This study explores the potential of employing Deep Learning (DL) to assist with camera trap monitoring for the purpose of tracking hamster activity. To this end, an object detection model (YOLO) was trained to efficiently analyze large volumes of video data from summer 2023 with high reliability. The model achieved a weighted average F1\u2010score of 0.93 and an accuracy of 0.93 for the detection of European hamsters, effectively differentiating them from other species. A comparison between DL\u2010based and human evaluations confirmed that DL can reliably depict hamster activity patterns. The findings of this study suggest that European hamsters exhibit peak activity levels at dusk, with the highest peak in activity occurring around sunset. In contrast, activity levels were lowest around midday. Autocorrelation analysis revealed a biphasic activity pattern, with a secondary peak occurring approximately before sunrise. This study underscores the potential of employing DL for long\u2010term conservation efforts and its applicability in assessing the success of reintroduction programs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.74267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T09:24:26Z","timestamp":1788513866000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deep Learning\u2010Based Monitoring of European Hamster Activity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Marie","family":"Wittekind","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioscience Education and Zoo Biology Goethe University Frankfurt  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul W.","family":"Dierkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioscience Education and Zoo Biology Goethe University Frankfurt  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0103-7257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioscience Education and Zoo Biology Goethe University Frankfurt  Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"Albert M. C.Kourkgy T.Reiners andJ.Eidenschenck.2014.\u201cDetection of Common Hamsters (Cricetus cricetus) Surface Activity Using Wildlife Camera Traps.\u201dGermany 21st Annual Meeting of the International Hamster Workgroup."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14040830"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rse2.70052"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1187512"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tfp.2023.100440"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.12652"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/biad076"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/esr01409"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.6722"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gecco.2022.e02104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/conservation4040041"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24248122"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42991\u2010024\u201000442\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2017.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10010132"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"323","article-title":"Comparison of Localities of European Hamster (\n                     Cricetus cricetus\n                  ) in the Areas of High and Low Level of Human Activity","volume":"21","author":"H\u0119drzak M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Urban Ecosystems"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs18030502"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","unstructured":"IUCN.2019.\u201cIUCN Red List of Threatened Species:Cricetus cricetus.\u201dIUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Accessed February 23 2025.https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/en."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/zoop\u20102013\u20100005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03194265"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041\u2010210x.70133"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1749\u20104877.12375"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Agri\u2010Environmental Schemes for the Common Hamster (\n                     Cricetus cricetus\n                  ). Why Is the Dutch Project Successful?","volume":"100","author":"La Haye M. J. J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aspects of Applied Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10592\u2010017\u20100940\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2014.09.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42991\u2010020\u201000063\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.10454"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","unstructured":"Malik F. S.Wouters R.Cartuyvels E.Ghadery andM.\u2010F.Moens.2021.\u201cTwo\u2010Phase Training Mitigates Class Imbalance for Camera Trap Image Classification With CNNs.\u201darXiv:2112.14491.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2112.14491."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","first-page":"96","article-title":"The Intelligent Eye: AI\u2010Powered Elephant Monitoring for Conservation and Management","volume":"207","author":"Mallick A. I.","year":"2025","journal-title":"World Scientific News"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102907.2012.00216.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360\u2010005\u20100472\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","unstructured":"Nechay G.2000.\u201cStatus of Hamsters:Cricetus cricetus Cricetus migratorius Mesocricetus newtoniand Other Hamster Species in Europe.\u201dNature and Enviroment Series 106."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979\u2010024\u201002859\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1719367115"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504251394584"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30574\/wjarr.2024.21.1.2720"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","unstructured":"Park B. J.Kim S.Cho H.Kim andC.Kim.2022.\u201cBalancing Domain Experts for Long\u2010Tailed Camera\u2010Trap Recognition.\u201dhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2202.07215."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730412441315"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","unstructured":"Rahmati Y.2024.\u201cArtificial Intelligence for Sustainable Urban Biodiversity: A Framework for Monitoring and Conservation.\u201dhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2501.14766."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"Genetic Diversity of Common Hamster Populations (\n                     Cricetus cricetus\n                  ) Revealed by Non\u2010Invasive Genetics","volume":"8","author":"Reiners T. 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A Review","volume":"18","author":"Trolliet F.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biology Agriculture Science Environnement"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201027980\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041\u2010210X.14044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01133417"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yadav S.2025.\u201cAI\u2010Enabled Monitoring of Migratory Birds.\u201dIn2025 5th Asian Conference on Innovation in Technology (ASIANCON) 1\u20136.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ASIANCON66527.2025.11281171.","DOI":"10.1109\/ASIANCON66527.2025.11281171"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20051520"}],"container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.74267","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ece3.74267","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.74267","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:02:37Z","timestamp":1791428557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ece3.74267"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ece3.74267"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ece3.74267","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-7758","2045-7758"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-7758","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-7758","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e74267"}}