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However, the small size and geographic isolation of marginal ecotonal stands require retrospective analyses at the local scale. Here, we combine soil macrofossil charcoal analysis (SMCA), a lake\u2010sediment pollen record, and contemporary forest inventories to reconstruct past dynamics and assess contemporary trajectories of forest stands located at the northern boundary of the boreal\u2010temperate ecotone (BTE) in the Rimouski hinterland (Lower St. Lawrence region, Canada). Radiocarbon\u2010dated soil charcoal particles and regional pollen data reveal a delayed local establishment of thermophilous species, such as white pine (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Pinus strobus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), toward the end of the Holocene Climatic Optimum. This lagged expansion of temperate taxa coupled with a decline of boreal conifers led to the development of thermophilous assemblages that persisted into the early Neoglacial despite climatic cooling. Borealization of the landscape did not begin until the late Neoglacial (\u20531500\u2009cal\u2009year BP), coinciding with shifts in the fire regime and the arrival of the eastern white cedar (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Thuja occidentalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ). At the stand\u2010scale, comparisons among charcoal assemblages in buried and surface soil layers with dead and living trees reveal an unprecedented proliferation by trembling aspen, as well as a recent establishment of jack pine likely reflecting anthropogenic disturbances associated with European settlement. However, current size\u2010class distribution suggests that these recent changes are likely to be transient in the absence of recurrent disturbances. Although predictive modeling remains necessary to forecast future forest trajectories under climate change, our results underscore the value of multi\u2010proxy reconstructions for disentangling vegetation responses to interacting climate and disturbance drivers.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.74316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:21:16Z","timestamp":1788740476000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Unearthing Forest History: Integrating Soil Charcoal Macrofossils and Pollen Reveals Delayed Forest Responses to Holocene Climatic Transitions in Boreal\u2013Temperate Ecotone"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Cassandra","family":"Rioux\u2010Couture","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Canada Research Chair in Integrative Biology of the Northern Flora, D\u00e9partement de Biologie, Chimie et G\u00e9ographie Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Rimouski  Rimouski Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Northern Studies Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Rimouski  Rimouski Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Forest Research Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Grondin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e8re des Ressources Naturelles et des For\u00eats, Direction de la Recherche Foresti\u00e8re  Qu\u00e9bec Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6889-1733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillaume","family":"de Lafontaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canada Research Chair in Integrative Biology of the Northern Flora, D\u00e9partement de Biologie, Chimie et G\u00e9ographie Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Rimouski  Rimouski Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Northern Studies Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Rimouski  Rimouski Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Forest Research Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1203467109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.70166"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2006.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7202\/010330ar"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378\u20101127(00)00273\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Manuel de Foresterie. 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