{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:52:16Z","timestamp":1791431536506,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Developmental environments can have lasting effects on adult behaviour, shaping mean activity, repeatability and within\u2010individual variability in potentially independent ways. We used a split\u2010brood experiment to test whether developmental diet quality and social density affected adult open\u2010field behaviour in female European earwigs (\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Forficula auricularia<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      sensu lato\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Nymphs were reared on a standard or nutrient\u2010diluted ad\u00a0libitum diet at one, four or eight individuals per dish. Adult females were assayed six times over 16\u201321\u2009days. Females showed repeatable individual differences in open\u2010field behaviour, particularly distance travelled. A beta\u2010binomial mixed\u2010effects analysis showed substantial treatment\u2010associated differences in survival, which was lower on the nutrient\u2010diluted diet and lower in group\u2010reared than individually reared nymphs. These differences confirmed biological consequences of the treatments and indicated treatment\u2010dependent selective survival that may have filtered phenotypes before testing. Multivariate Bayesian mixed\u2010effects models provided limited evidence that developmental diet or density consistently affected mean behaviour, repeatability, individual change across trials or residual within\u2010individual variability among surviving adult females. Distance travelled and centre use were strongly negatively correlated among individuals; because both were derived from the same arena assay, we interpret this as a shared axis of arena use rather than an independent behavioural syndrome. Repeatable individual differences in open\u2010field behaviour were thus detectable but not clearly explained by the developmental treatments, with treatment\u2010dependent selective survival an additional interpretive constraint.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.74325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T06:40:21Z","timestamp":1788417621000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Limited Evidence That Developmental Diet and Density Affect Adult Female Earwig Behaviour Despite Repeatable Individual Differences"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Clint D.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement des Sciences biologiques Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Quebec 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