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This study conducted a one\u2010year monitoring survey across four river sections (upstream, reservoir, dewatered reach, and downstream) in the Oujiang River Basin, Zhejiang Province, China, covering all four seasons. The results showed that the reservoir section exhibited distinct bacterial composition, while the dewatered reach harbored the highest diversity, broader niche breadth, and was governed by stochastic assembly processes. Seasonally, deterministic processes dominated in summer, whereas stochastic processes prevailed in winter. Predicted functional profiling suggested that the SHP may exert a regulatory role in carbon and nutrient metabolism, with pronounced functional differences observed in summer. This study indicates that SHPs reshape microbial assembly and predicted function by altering hydrological regimes. As an observational case study based on a single representative facility, these findings should be interpreted as hypothesis\u2010generating rather than conclusive; however, they provide key ecological insights and a methodological reference for future impact assessments of similar diversion\u2010type SHPs in subtropical river systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.74330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T23:40:50Z","timestamp":1788910850000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Seasonal Effect of a Small Hydropower Plant on Benthic Biofilm Microbial Community Structure and Predicted Functional Potential"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Huimin","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Zhejiang\u2010Germany Joint Laboratory on Remote Sensing of Coastal Ecosystem Ningbo 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