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Despite its protected status, the reserve faces three major threats: subsistence agriculture, poaching, and industrial mining. This study focuses on understanding chimpanzee habitat use in relation to human hunting activities within the Seringbara region of the reserve. Using GPS data on chimpanzee feeding\/travelling, nesting, and human hunting evidence, we develop multi\u2010scale ecological niche models for each activity type using both generalised linear models and a boosted regression tree approach. The models identified potential illegal hunting areas, zones of high chimpanzee activity, and the spatial overlap between them. Chimpanzee activities were primarily predicted at altitudes above 750\u2009m, in areas with a high Enhanced Vegetation Index and steeper slopes, while hunting activities were less prevalent in areas with dense tree cover. Both chimpanzees and hunters avoid research camps, but chimpanzees show a stronger avoidance of human presence overall. High elevations, while offering relative refuge from human disturbance, also emerge as zones of greatest predicted chimpanzee\u2010hunter encounter probability. Our findings offer key insights for conservation planning, identifying potential zones for targeted conservation and monitoring efforts. Specifically, areas with significant overlap of chimpanzee and human hunting activities qualify as strategic areas for concerted conservation efforts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.74384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:11:47Z","timestamp":1791249107000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Illegal Hunting and Chimpanzee Distribution in the Seringbara Region of the Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve: A Multi\u2010Scale Modelling Approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6806-6407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas","family":"Degr\u00e8ve","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL) Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Erazo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL) Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles  Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Division of Invertebrates, Department of Biology Royal Museum for Central Africa  Tervuren Belgium"},{"name":"Evolutionary Ecology Group University of Antwerp  Antwerpen Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maegan","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ape Behaviour &amp; Ecology Group, Department of Evolutionary Anthropology University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry Didier","family":"Camara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche sur la Biodiversit\u00e9 aux Monts Nimba (IReB\u2010MN)  Lola Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gnan","family":"Mamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche sur la Biodiversit\u00e9 aux Monts Nimba (IReB\u2010MN)  Lola Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Dellicour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL) Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles  Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation Rega Institute, KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Vrije Universiteit Brussel  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u017baneta","family":"Kaszta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University  Flagstaff Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7097-2698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathelijne","family":"Koops","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ape Behaviour &amp; Ecology Group, Department of Evolutionary Anthropology University of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"La vie des Cam\u00e9l\u00e9ons et Autres L\u00e9zards","author":"Angel F.","year":"1943"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980\u2010020\u201001105\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-4061-1_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041\u2010210X.2011.00172.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"Barton K.2024.\u201cPackage\u2014MuMIn: Multi Model Inference.\u201dR Package Version 1.48.4."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"Bj\u00f8rnstad O. 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