{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T07:40:14Z","timestamp":1792482014497,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Tritrophic interactions among plants, gall\u2010inducing herbivores, and their parasitoids are critical components of arid desert ecosystems, yet their complex network structures, and evolutionary adaptations remain poorly understood. This study elucidates the ecological networks and life\u2010history strategies of three distinct gall inducers and their associated parasitoid communities on\n                    <jats:italic>Lycium ruthenicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a keystone shrub in Northern Xinjiang, China. First, we report the globally novel gall\u2010inducing behavior in the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Scrobipalpa<\/jats:italic>\n                    , identifying\n                    <jats:italic>Scrobipalpa erichiodes<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) as the inducer of swollen twig galls, where gall morphology acts as a significant predictor of internal larval development. Alongside\n                    <jats:italic>S. erichiodes<\/jats:italic>\n                    , we characterized the phenological dynamics of\n                    <jats:italic>Aceria pallida<\/jats:italic>\n                    (leaf galls) and\n                    <jats:italic>Contarinia<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. (flower bud galls). Furthermore, we recovered a highly complex parasitoid community comprising 13 species, establishing multiple new host records. The dominant parasitoids regulating these gall inducers were\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Pholetesor teresitergum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Cirrospilus pictus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudotorymus jaapiellae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , respectively. Notably, the high dominance of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>C.\u2009pictus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    on the gall mite\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A.\u2009pallida<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    represents an unusual cross\u2010guild host shift, highlighting the adaptive plasticity of natural enemies in resource\u2010heterogeneous desert environments. Finally, laboratory assays revealed a significant negative correlation between increasing temperatures (15\u00b0C\u201330\u00b0C) and the adult longevity of these dominant parasitoids. These findings not only provide novel insights into the evolutionary ecology of gall\u2010induction but also underscore the vulnerability of parasitoid\u2010mediated top\u2010down control to thermal stress. Ultimately, this research deciphers the complex tritrophic networks sustaining arid ecosystems, offering a theoretical foundation for predicting species interactions and community stability under changing climate conditions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.74408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T01:52:02Z","timestamp":1791510722000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tritrophic Interactions and Parasitoid Community Structure of Gall\u2010Inducing Herbivores in Arid Desert Ecosystems of Northern Xinjiang, China"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1766-7512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaopeng","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University  Urumqi Xinjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6058-0137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhao","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University  Urumqi Xinjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caihong","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University  Urumqi Xinjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongying","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University  Urumqi Xinjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-15384-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.2513.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-009-9313-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198515494.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2311.1972.tb00363.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2021.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"583","article-title":"Lycium ruthenicum Murray: A Less\u2010Explored but High\u2010Value Medicinal Plant From Trans\u2010Himalayan Cold Deserts of Ladakh, India","volume":"11","author":"Dhar P.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Archives"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10526-009-9225-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054690"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0013-8746(2001)094[0909:EOPSDO]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3897\/zookeys.63.10480"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2016.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11158\/saa.26.4.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/oik.07414"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10265-023-01472-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nplants.2016.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.52.110405.091333"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26599\/FSHW.2025.9250626"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/een.12026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aspen.2020.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","volume-title":"Fauna of Eriophyid Mites From China (II) (Acari: Eriophyoidea)","author":"Kuang H. 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