{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T08:23:28Z","timestamp":1794385408101,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Drone\u2010based measurements of free\u2010ranging aquatic wildlife are inevitably affected by posture variations, yet this issue has remained largely unaddressed. A widely used approach is to visually inspect body curvature based on overhead shots and exclude animals exhibiting strong body curvature, which may result in a substantially reduced dataset and inconsistent quality control. We developed a drone\u2010based method of estimating body measurements of dugongs using dual drones (positioned vertically and obliquely relative to the animal) whilst considering body posture (Method\n                    <jats:sub>dual<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). We reconstructed 3D coordinates of the body's dorsal line and scaled these based on altitude obtained with Real\u2010Time Kinematic measurements. Estimation error was evaluated using 25 free\u2010swimming dugongs for which direct body measures were obtained out\u2010of\u2010water and compared with a conventional method based only on overhead shots (Method\n                    <jats:sub>single<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). General surfacing posture of animals was further examined using 188 wild dugongs. Method\n                    <jats:sub>dual<\/jats:sub>\n                    achieved significantly smaller absolute errors in body length (BL) than Method\n                    <jats:sub>single<\/jats:sub>\n                    both when the body was relatively curved (0.039\u2009\u00b1\u20090.033\u2009m or 2.0%\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6% of BL versus 0.114\u2009\u00b1\u20090.084\u2009m or 4.8%\u2009\u00b1\u20093.8%) and straight (0.033\u2009\u00b1\u20090.028\u2009m or 1.3%\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1% versus 0.05\u2009\u00b1\u20090.042\u2009m or 1.5%\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2%). Method\n                    <jats:sub>dual<\/jats:sub>\n                    provided reliable estimation even when the body curve ratio (ratio of apparent BL from the overhead shot to the posture\u2010corrected 3D BL) was lower than 0.919 (i.e., body curve is stronger), whereas Method\n                    <jats:sub>single<\/jats:sub>\n                    did not. The mean body curve ratio of free\u2010swimming animals was 0.926\u2009\u00b1\u20090.049 (0.751\u20130.992;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009188) and 31.9% had a body curve ratio below 0.919. The proposed method enables data collection from surfacing events that would otherwise have been discarded as poor quality, which may be particularly useful when encounter rate is low. This method also helps establish quantitative thresholds for data inclusion.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.74446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T07:17:26Z","timestamp":1792480646000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Estimating Three\u2010Dimensional Posture to Correct Drone\u2010Based Measurements of Free\u2010Swimming Marine Mammals: An Application to Dugongs in Shallow Waters"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7910-5072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiaki","family":"Yamato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of the Environment The University of Queensland  St Lucia Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Akkeshi Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere Hokkaido University  Akkeshi Hokkaido Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen L.","family":"Sneath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of the Environment The University of Queensland  St Lucia Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet M.","family":"Lanyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of the Environment The University of Queensland  St Lucia Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mms.12997"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2021.749943"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps13814"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/dsa\u20102023\u20100051"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP\u201011\u20100434"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mms.12527"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rse2.258"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps13299"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.1468"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps12522"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14010021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2017.00366"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mms.13011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041\u2010210X.12671"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","unstructured":"DJI.2025.\u201cDJI Mavic 3 Enterprise Specs.\u201dhttps:\/\/enterprise.dji.com\/mavic\u20103\u2010enterprise\/specs."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/dsa\u20102022\u20100036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rse2.70016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012\u20109658(2001)082%5B1473:MLRMOB%5D2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010marine\u2010010318\u2010095323"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109730"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187465"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/WR20159"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/AM02051"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1578\/AM.36.1.2010.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.3094"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2816795.2818013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","volume-title":"A Global Assessment of Dugong Status and Conservation Needs","author":"Marsh H.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139013277"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10106049.2023.2197507"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnc.2025.126838"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2018.00316"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42991\u2010022\u201000228\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/04\u20100232"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mms.70022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Setiyadi S. H.Mukhtar andW. A.Cahyadi.2021.\u201cA Comparative Study of Affordable Photogrammetry Software for Reconstructing 3D Model of a Human Foot.\u201d2021 IEEE 7th International Conference on Smart Instrumentation Measurement and Applications (ICSIMA) 286\u2013291.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICSIMA50015.2021.9526314.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSIMA50015.2021.9526314"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shukla V. L.Morelli F.Remondino A.Micheli D.Tuia andB.Risse.2024.\u201cTowards Estimation of 3D Poses and Shapes of Animals From Oblique Drone Imagery.\u201dThe International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII\u20102\u20102024 379\u2013386. 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