{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T22:33:15Z","timestamp":1793140395581,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000203","name":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000203","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016439","name":"Pennsylvania Game Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016439","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a contagious, 100% fatal disease affecting North American cervids. White\u2010tailed deer (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Odocoileus virginianus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) is the most abundant host, and movements of this species, either natural or human\u2010mediated, have been considered primary drivers of CWD spread. Inferring the geographic origin of CWD\u2010positive individuals can help identify source\u2013sink dynamics of disease spread and anthropogenic translocation of carcasses. We explored two approaches to infer origin of wild white\u2010tailed deer: (1) a combination of genetic structure inference and categorical assignment tests, and (2) continuous assignment methods (SPA and LOCATOR) to infer coordinates of origin, based on comparisons between test and reference genotypes. We analyzed 1749 samples genotyped using a recently developed single nucleotide polymorphism panel, retaining &gt;\u200963,000 markers. Genetic structure analyses identified four, five, or ten clusters, with barriers to gene flow that were consistent between the different analyses and explainable by landscape features. We used the ten\u2010cluster configuration to perform categorical assignment tests, but these tests showed low\u2013moderate performance (assignment accuracy ranged between 41% and 100% among clusters, average was 71%). SPA produced a high level of inaccuracy in inferred origins. In contrast, LOCATOR assigned most individuals (82%) to an origin &lt;\u200950\u2009km from their sampling coordinates. Given the species' life history traits (e.g., vagility, overlapping generations, polygamy), this level of accuracy suggests that continuous assignment tests may be a valuable tool for wildlife managers. Additionally, the inferred genetic structure can inform the delineation of management units, with implications for population control and mitigation of contagious diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.74454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T08:17:42Z","timestamp":1791533862000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inferring Geographic Origin of White\u2010Tailed Deer (\n                    <i>Odocoileus virginianus<\/i>\n                    ) Using Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in a Region Experiencing Long\u2010Term Effects of Chronic Wasting Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6566-405X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto F.","family":"Fameli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecosystem Science and Management The Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology Washington State University  Pullman Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessie E.","family":"Edson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecosystem Science and Management The Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krysten L.","family":"Schuler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell Wildlife Health Lab New York State Wildlife Health Program  Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. David","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecosystem Science and Management The Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology Washington State University  Pullman Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1505.081458"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.54507"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567\u2010016\u20100375\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/conl.12183"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1755\u20100998.12471"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/17-AOAS1106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.13233"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13742\u2010015\u20100047\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471\u20108286.2007.01769.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041\u2010210X.12897"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/avet.47.1999.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186512"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jwmg.21341"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161127"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jwmg.1004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3996\/032014\u2010jfwm\u2010021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10592\u2010020\u201001282\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission.2026.\u201cDeer Management Units (DMUs).\u201dAccessed September 17 2026.https:\/\/myfwc.com\/hunting\/deer\/dmu\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Running Structure\u2010Like Population Genetic Analyses With R","author":"Fran\u00e7ois O.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041\u2010210X.12382"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10020283"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.17489"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wmon.70001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2981\/wlb.00050"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv703"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471\u20108286.2005.01031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","volume-title":"Biology and Management of White\u2010Tailed Deer","author":"Heffelfinger J. 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B.Blum andO.Fran\u00e7ois.2016.\u201cIdentifying Outlier Loci in Admixed and in Continuous Populations Using Ancestral Population Differentiation Statistics.\u201dhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/054585.","DOI":"10.1101\/054585"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13243"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.6161"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12895"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jwmg.665"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1755\u20100998.70085"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","unstructured":"Ohio Department of Natural Resources.2025.\u201cChronic Wasting Disease (Deer).\u201dAccessed August 2 2025.https:\/\/ohiodnr.gov\/discover\u2010and\u2010learn\/safety\u2010conservation\/wildlife\u2010management\/wildlife\u2010disease\/chronic\u2010wasting\u2010disease."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2193\/2006\u2010381"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012\u20109615(2003)073[0001:SMDEAF]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","unstructured":"Pennsylvania Game Commission.2025.\u201cChronic Wasting Disease in Pennsylvania.\u201dAccessed November 28 2025.https:\/\/storymaps.arcgis.com\/stories\/ddfce74f89d24a91b116a84ddf126ac6."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/155.2.945"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty185"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.23.13363"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/519795"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbac354"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.114.164350"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mam.12367"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","volume-title":"Risk\u2010Weighted Surveillance for Chronic Wasting Disease in New York","author":"Schuler K. 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