{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:45:26Z","timestamp":1792601126458,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011131","name":"Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ME0\u201041602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ME0\u201041602"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011131","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019327","name":"Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019327","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    It is essential for wildlife managers to understand how animals interact with and respond to the landscape. However, wildlife\u2010habitat relationships are often context\u2010dependent, with habitat selection influenced by abiotic and biotic factors. Recognizing this, we investigated how roads influenced female wild turkey (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Meleagris gallopavo silvestris<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ; hereafter female) seasonal habitat selection in Maine, USA, as a function of road type, time\u2010of\u2010day, and land cover type to identify context\u2010dependent responses. Because previous research has demonstrated that wildlife can display variable selection patterns in response to different road types, we assessed differences in selection between primary roads (state roads and highways) and secondary roads (local\/township roads). When modeling baseline differences in seasonal habitat selection patterns, we found that females selected areas closer to secondary roads during winter and late spring and selected areas farther from primary roads during long\u2010distance movements in early spring. When modeling differences in selection of roads across time\u2010of\u2010day and season, we found that females selected locations closer to secondary roads during winter and summer mornings, periods typically associated with elevated traffic. When modeling the effect of land cover type on seasonal habitat selection relative to hardwood forest, we found that females selected locations farther from primary and secondary roads in developed landscapes across most seasons. However, relative to hardwood forest, females selected locations closer to primary roads near conifer forest cover during winter. Notably, we observed considerable individual variation in seasonal selection of primary and secondary roads, demonstrating heterogeneity in selection patterns between individuals within the study. Our findings have implications for understanding the temporal risk of wildlife\u2010vehicle collisions and suggest that factors such as season, time\u2010of\u2010day, and the surrounding landscape context of roads influence habitat selection, warranting consideration when evaluating the ecological effects of roads.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.74468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:46:37Z","timestamp":1792028797000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Female Wild Turkeys Exhibit Context Dependence in Their Selection of Roads"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2678-6117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyle J.","family":"Smelter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecosystem Science and Management The Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik J.","family":"Blomberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology The University of Maine  Orono Maine USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8078-0681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liam A.","family":"Berigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment Auburn University  Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew B.","family":"Gonnerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Technology University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"},{"name":"Post\u2010doctoral Associate with the U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science Center  Laurel Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8281-6596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie A.","family":"Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Extension The University of Maine  Orono Maine USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica A.","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecosystem Science and Management The Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelsey","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife  Augusta Maine USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline L.","family":"Kamath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food and Agriculture The University of Maine  Orono Maine USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9778-9906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frances E.","family":"Buderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecosystem Science and Management The Pennsylvania State University  University Park Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.3122"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wsb.1274"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-43907-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","volume-title":"Identifying the Best Locations Along Highways to Provide Safe Crossing Opportunities for Wildlife","author":"Barnum S. A.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bocinsky R. K.2024.\u201cFedData: Functions to Automate Downloading Geospatial Data Available From Several Federated Data Sources.\u201dR Package Version 4.3.0.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32614\/CRAN.package.FedData.","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.FedData"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40462-024-00508-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2017-066"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2737\/FS-RU-160"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2193\/0091-7648(2005)33[745:FTFTRO]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12205"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rama.2023.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jwmg.21883"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/ES14-00228.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2006.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wsb.845"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","article-title":"Returning Neighbors: Eastern Wild Turkey (\n                     Meleagris gallopavo silvestris\n                  ) Occupancy in an Urban Landscape","volume":"90","author":"Collins M. K.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Wildlife Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-4504-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","unstructured":"Delahunt K. S.2011.\u201cNesting Ecology Survival and Home Range of Wild Turkeys in an Agricultural Landscape.\u201dMaster's thesis Southern Illinois University Carbondale."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065368"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","volume-title":"National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2021 Products","author":"Dewitz J.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-010-0399-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2328-5540.2000.tb00265.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.207"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/04-0953"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","unstructured":"Gerrits A. P.2019.\u201cMovement Ecology of Eastern Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) and Turkey Hunters on Public Land in South Carolina USA.\u201dDoctoral dissertation. Louisiana State University."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wsb.1094"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"The Importance of Individual Variation in Defining Habitat Selection by Moose in Northern British Columbia","volume":"44","author":"Gillingham M. P.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Alces"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3798089"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wsb.1278"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eap.2734"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","volume-title":"A Portable Rocket\u2010Net System for Capturing Wildlife","author":"Grubb T. 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M.Barbosa E.Cordano andK.Dyba.2026.\u201cterra: Spatial Data Analysis.\u201dR Package Version 1.9\u201046.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32614\/CRAN.package.terra.","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.terra"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mam.12222"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3801681"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2688-8319.70179"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","unstructured":"Kane N.2019.\u201cLayer: MaineDOT Public Roads (ID: 52)\u201d [Shapefile]."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2012.01955.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","unstructured":"Lambert E. P.1986.\u201cHome Range Movements and Habitat Use of the Eastern Wild Turkey in Commercially Managed Pine Forests of Southeast Louisiana.\u201dMaster's thesis Southeastern Louisiana University."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/11-0666.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-017-3939-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/X06-256"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3207(84)90015-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2328-5540.1990.tb00188.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","first-page":"181","article-title":"Red Deer Habitat Selection and Movements in Relation to Roads","volume":"77","author":"Meisingset E. 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J.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Wildlife Society Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2051-3933-2-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3801300"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walker K.2025.\u201ctigris: Load Census TIGER\/Line Shapefiles.\u201dR Package Version 2.2.1.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32614\/CRAN.package.tigris.","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.tigris"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/10-AOAS331"}],"container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.74468","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ece3.74468","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.74468","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:17:43Z","timestamp":1792599463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ece3.74468"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ece3.74468"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ece3.74468","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-7758","2045-7758"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-7758","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-7758","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e74468"}}