{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:57:04Z","timestamp":1792598224287,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Dietary knowledge of migratory birds along their migration routes is fundamental for understanding ecological and evolutionary aspects of bird migration, how migrants select and repeatedly use specific non\u2010breeding areas, accumulate fuel for migration and breeding, and assess carrying capacity at key sites in the migratory network. Local changes in food availability and foraging habitat have been shown to contribute to population declines in migratory shorebirds. Nevertheless, the diet of many migratory bird populations remains unknown at key migratory sites. We address this knowledge gap for Black\u2010tailed Godwits (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Limosa limosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) by exploring their diet in the Ganges\u2013Brahmaputra\u2013Meghna delta in the Bay of Bengal, a key non\u2010breeding site overlapping the Central Asian and East Asian\u2013Australasian flyways. We assessed how benthic prey availability changed during their non\u2010breeding period based on 600 mud samples collected from 120 foraging locations between October 2018 and March 2019. In mid\u2010January 2019, we determined godwit diets by analyzing undigested remains of 15 feces and 15 pellets collected from roosting areas, and compared dietary composition with benthic prey availability from samples collected concurrently. Polychaetes and oligochaetes were the most abundant benthic groups in the mud, but we did not find them in the droppings. We observed intra\u2010seasonal changes in abundance and body size of bivalvia, decapoda, and gastropoda, which were the main animal foods found in droppings and mud samples, and were positively selected by godwits based on availability compared to other benthic prey. We also found plant materials, rice kernels, and rhizomes of\n                    <jats:italic>Porteresia coarctata<\/jats:italic>\n                    , in one\u2010third of the droppings. This finding extends previous evidence of godwits' herbivory in the East\u2010Atlantic flyway to Asian flyways. Scaling up our efforts to systematic monitoring could help address conservation questions, such as the impact of shellfish harvesting on the carrying capacity of the world's largest river delta for shorebirds.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.74479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T01:22:08Z","timestamp":1792372928000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Black\u2010Tailed Godwits Eat Animal and Plant Material at a Key Non\u2010Breeding Site at the Overlap of Two Asian Flyways"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Delip K.","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Delta Sentinels Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences Jagannath University  Dhaka Bangladesh"},{"name":"BirdEyes, Centre for Global Ecological Change at the Faculties of Science &amp; Engineering and Campus Frysl\u00e2n University of Groningen  Leeuwarden the Netherlands"},{"name":"Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences University of Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9948-1806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naim","family":"Khandakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Delta Sentinels Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences Jagannath University  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Soab","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Delta Sentinels Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences Jagannath University  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wouter M. G.","family":"Vansteelant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BirdEyes, Centre for Global Ecological Change at the Faculties of Science &amp; Engineering and Campus Frysl\u00e2n University of Groningen  Leeuwarden the Netherlands"},{"name":"Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences University of Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"},{"name":"Theoretical and Computational Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El\u2010Hacen M.","family":"El\u2010Hacen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BirdEyes, Centre for Global Ecological Change at the Faculties of Science &amp; Engineering and Campus Frysl\u00e2n University of Groningen  Leeuwarden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theunis","family":"Piersma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BirdEyes, Centre for Global Ecological Change at the Faculties of Science &amp; Engineering and Campus Frysl\u00e2n University of Groningen  Leeuwarden the Netherlands"},{"name":"Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences University of Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Coastal Systems NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research  Texel the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Ali S.2021.\u201cPopulation Status and Non\u2010Breeding Ecology of Eurasian Curlew Great Knot and Curlew Sandpiper at Nijhum Dweep National Park Bangladesh.\u201dMSc. Thesis Jagannath University Bangladesh."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.503"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"BirdLife International.2026.\u201cSpecies Factsheet:Limosa limosa.\u201dBirdLife Data Zone.http:\/\/datazone.birdlife.org\/species\/factsheet\/black\u2010tailed\u2010godwit\u2010limosa\u2010limosa."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crm.2013.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033811"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40462-023-00443-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps14241"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18194\/ws.00264"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avrs.2025.100226"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40808-015-0060-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1675\/063.033.0304"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2000.1386"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2005.0413"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"Hayhow D. B.2009.\u201cConsequences of Winter Habitat Use in a Migratory Shorebird.\u201dPhD thesis University of East Anglia Norwich UK."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/jasbs.v42i2.46225"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","volume-title":"Sea Shells of Bangladesh: Marine Gastropod and Bivalve Molluscs Biodiversity","author":"Hossain M. S.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rsma.2020.101578"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","volume-title":"Experimental Ecology of the Feeding of Fishes","author":"Ivlev V. S.","year":"1961"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rsma.2020.101167"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","volume-title":"Platyhelminthes\u2010Nematoda","author":"Kabir S. M. H.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","volume-title":"Annelida Echinodermata Acanthocephala and Minor Phyla","author":"Kabir S. M. H.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Avifuana of Nijhum Dweep National Park in Bangladesh, an East Asian\u2010Australasian Flyway Network Site and Important Bird and Biodiversity Area in the World's Largest River Delta","volume":"123","author":"Khandakar N.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00063650809461522"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2015.0624"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-919X.1994.tb01106.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","unstructured":"Oksanen J. F. G.Blanchet M.Friendly et\u00a0al.2018.\u201cVEGAN: Community Ecology Package.\u201dR Package v. 2.5\u20102.https:\/\/cran.r\u2010project.org\/package=vegan."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","unstructured":"Peng H.\u2010B.2024.\u201cExploring Shorebird Conservation From on and in the Mudflats.\u201dPhD Thesis University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2026.109900"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"Sanderlings Feed on a Diverse Spectrum of Prey Worldwide but Primarily Rely on Brown Shrimp in the Wadden Sea","volume":"110","author":"Penning E.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ardea"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00063659709461037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0077-7579(93)90062-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Pacific as the World's Greatest Theater of Bird Migration: Extreme Flights Spark Questions About Physiological Capabilities, Behavior, and the Evolution of Migratory Pathways","volume":"139","author":"Piersma T.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ornithology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/MEQ-01-2018-0021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3406\/revec.2015.1777"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/cond.2013.120053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1127\/0003-9136\/2006\/0166-0199"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh, Vol. 17: Molluscs","author":"Siddiqui K. U.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14895"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5253\/arde.2023.a10"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00306525.1994.9632685"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","volume-title":"Shorebirds. An Illustrated Behavioural Ecology","author":"Kam J.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","first-page":"452","volume-title":"Cornell Lab of Ornithology Handbook of Bird Biology","author":"Winkler D. W.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00063657.2020.1733930"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10336-025-02355-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avrs.2022.100069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ibi.12890"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0077-7579(93)90059-2"}],"container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.74479","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ece3.74479","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ece3.74479","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:34:44Z","timestamp":1792596884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ece3.74479"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ece3.74479"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ece3.74479","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.22541\/authorea.15007370\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-7758","2045-7758"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-7758","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-7758","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-08-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e74479"}}