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In northern Botswana, the territorial and group\u2010living banded mongoose (<jats:italic>Mungos mungo<\/jats:italic>) lives across urban and natural landscapes and is infected with a novel <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> complex pathogen, <jats:italic>M. mungi<\/jats:italic>. Using microsatellite markers amplified from DNA derived from banded mongoose fecal and tissue samples (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0168), we evaluated population genetic structure, individual dispersal, and gene flow for 12 troops. Genetic structure was detectable and moderately strong across groups (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ST<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a00.086), with <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07 being the best\u2010supported number of genetic clusters. Indications of admixture in certain troops suggest formation of new groups through recent fusion events. Differentiation was higher for troops inhabiting natural areas (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ST<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a00.102) than for troops in urban landscapes (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ST<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a00.081). While this suggests increased levels of gene flow between urban\u2010dwelling troops, the inclusion of a smaller number of study troops from natural land types may have influenced these findings. Of those individuals confirmed infected with <jats:italic>M. mungi<\/jats:italic>, the majority (73%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a011) were assigned to their natal group which is consistent with previous observations linking lower levels of dispersal with infection. Twenty\u2010one probable dispersing individuals were identified, with all suspected migrants originating from troops within the urban landscape. Findings suggest that urbanized landscapes may increase gene flow and dispersal behavior with a concomitant increase in the risk of pathogen spread. As urban landscapes expand, there is an increasing need to understand how land use and pathogen infection may change wildlife behavior and disease transmission potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.7487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T14:56:53Z","timestamp":1624978613000},"page":"9227-9240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Urban landscapes increase dispersal, gene flow, and pathogen transmission potential in banded mongoose (<i>Mungos mungo<\/i>) in northern Botswana"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Kelton","family":"Verble","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5839-858X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric M.","family":"Hallerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7338-5341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen A.","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA"},{"name":"Chobe Research Institute CARACAL Kasane Botswana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-92373-4_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1608.100314"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985817741730"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"e00281","article-title":"Emerging tuberculosis pathogen hijacks social communication behavior in the group\u2010living banded mongoose (Mungos mungo)","volume":"7","author":"Alexander K. 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