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Despite being frequently used, the standardization of this method is problematic due to the large range of combinations of the individual parameters of pitfall traps with varying efficacy under different environmental conditions. We evaluated the effects of the trap diameter, the fixing fluid, and their combination on the capture efficacy for harvestmen (Opiliones) and millipedes (Diplopoda). We used pitfall traps with three different diameters: 3\u00a0cm, 5\u00a0cm, and 12\u00a0cm, filled with three types of fixing fluids (saturated fluid of NaCl, 10:1 mixture of 70% ethanol and glycerol and 4% formaldehyde). Altogether, 90 traps representing nine combinations of trap diameters and fixing fluid were placed on a mown meadow in spring and autumn intervals for a total of 45\u00a0days. We sampled 1,488 individuals representing 11 harvestmen species and 881 individuals representing 11 millipede species. Large (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a012\u00a0cm) and medium (5\u00a0cm) traps captured significantly more millipede species and individuals than the small\u2010sized traps (3\u00a0cm). The same effect was observed for harvestmen species richness, whereas the medium traps (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a05\u00a0cm) captured the highest mean activity of harvestmen. By analyzing the differences in the body sizes of the studied arthropods in relation to the trap diameter and fluid, we found that larger traps, as well as traps filled with NaCl solution, captured larger harvestmen more frequently than the other trap types. Our results revealed that the combination of larger traps (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a05 and 12\u00a0cm) and formaldehyde was most effective in the capture of both studied groups. However, the disadvantage of formaldehyde is its toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.7820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T09:53:56Z","timestamp":1624874036000},"page":"9864-9875","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Pitfall trap design affects the capture efficiency of harvestmen (Opiliones) and millipedes (Diplopoda)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Slavom\u00edr","family":"Sta\u0161iov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and General Ecology Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Technical University in Zvolen Zvolen Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6720-9365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"\u010ciliak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Ecology Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Technical University in Zvolen Zvolen Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Wiezik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Ecology Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Technical University in Zvolen Zvolen Slovakia"},{"name":"Parlement europ\u00e9en Brussel Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Svitok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and General Ecology Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Technical University in Zvolen Zvolen Slovakia"},{"name":"Department of Ecosystem Biology Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia in \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice Czechia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adela","family":"Wiezikov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and General Ecology Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Technical University in Zvolen Zvolen Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Diviakov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and General Ecology Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Technical University in Zvolen Zvolen Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9993.1995.tb00540.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"177","article-title":"Problems of interpreting arthropod sampling with pitfall traps","volume":"202","author":"Adis J.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Zoologischer Anzeiger"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9993.2001.01070.pp.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"DISTLM v.5: A FORTRAN computer program to calculate a distance\u2010based multivariate analysis for a linear model","author":"Anderson M. 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