{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:10:02Z","timestamp":1768781402922,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,31]],"date-time":"2022-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Organismal traits are presumed to be well suited for performance in the tasks required for survival, growth, and reproduction. Major injuries to such traits should therefore compromise performance and prevent success in the natural world; yet some injured animals can survive for long periods of time and contribute to future generations. We here examine 3\u2009years of camera trap observations along a remote trail through old\u2010growth forest in northern British Columbia, Canada. The most common observations were of moose (2966), wolves (476), and brown bears (224). The moose overwhelmingly moved in one direction along the trail in the late fall and early winter and in the other direction in the spring. This movement was clustered\/contagious, with days on which many moose traveled often being interspersed with days on which few moose traveled. On the video recordings, we identified 12 injured moose, representing 1.4% of all moose observations. Seven injuries were to the carpus, three were to the antebrachium, and two were to the tarsus\u2014and they are hypothesized to reflect damage to ligaments, tendons, and perhaps bones. The injured moose were limping in all cases, sometimes severely; and yet they did not differ noticeably from uninjured moose in the direction, date, contagiousness, or speed of movement along the trail. We discuss the potential relevance of these findings for the action of natural selection in the evolution of organismal traits important for performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.9127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T04:26:03Z","timestamp":1659327963000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Performance of wild animals with \u201cbroken\u201d traits: Movement patterns in nature of moose with leg injuries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4807-6667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew P.","family":"Hendry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Redpath Museum and Department of Biology McGill University  Montreal Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cedar A.","family":"Hendry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Citizen"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aspen S.","family":"Hendry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Citizen"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather L.","family":"Roffey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Citizen"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Hendry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Napa California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/avmj.2017.169651"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1004162323428"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/23.2.347"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2009.01350.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91905-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.1989.tb00479.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rse2.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952836905006643"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092281"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","volume-title":"On the origin of species","author":"Darwin C.","year":"1859"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/live.2019.24.5.246"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516409X371224"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518775420"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"127","article-title":"Noteworthy healed fractures in some north American artiodactyla","volume":"94","author":"Grandstaff B. 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