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In fact, oceanographic barriers such as the APF and Antarctica's long geologic isolation have substantially separated the continents and facilitated the evolution of endemic marine taxa found within the Antarctic region. The Southern Ocean benthic sea slug complex, <jats:italic>Doris<\/jats:italic> \u201c<jats:italic>kerguelenensis<\/jats:italic>,\u201d are a group of direct\u2010developing, simultaneous hermaphrodites that lack a dispersive larval stage. To date, there are 59 highly divergent species known within this complex. Here, we provide evidence to show intraspecific genetic connectivity occurs across the APF for multiple species within the <jats:italic>D.<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u201c<jats:italic>kerguelenensis<\/jats:italic>\u201d nudibranch species complex. We addressed questions of genetic connectivity by examining the phylogeographic structure of the three best\u2010sampled <jats:italic>D.<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u201c<jats:italic>kerguelenensis<\/jats:italic>\u201d species and another three trans\u2010APF species using the protein coding mtDNA gene, cytochrome oxidase I. We also highlight alternative refugia uses among species with the same life history traits (i.e., benthic and direct developers) and for some species, extremely large distributions are established (e.g., circumpolarity). By improving our sampling of these nudibranchs, we gain better insight into the population structure and connectivity of the Antarctic region. This work also demonstrates how difficult it is to make generalizations across Antarctic marine species, even among ecologically\u2010similar, closely related species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.9333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T09:41:18Z","timestamp":1663666878000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Multiple <i>Doris<\/i> \u201c<i>kerguelenensis<\/i>\u201d (Nudibranchia) species span the Antarctic Polar Front"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1974-3977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paige J.","family":"Maroni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences (M092) University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Western Australian Museum, Research &amp; Collections  Welshpool Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0784-0200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nerida G.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences (M092) University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Western Australian Museum, Research &amp; Collections  Welshpool Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future Western Australian Museum  Welshpool Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2012.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.15013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Antarctic communities: Proceedings of the 6th SCAR biology symposium","author":"Arntz W.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294X.2003.01731.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u2010294X.2011.05173.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150050207429"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0025\u20103227(77)90045\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr2.2007.07.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2003.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/416808a"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1122033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3989\/scimar.1999.63s1261"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954102096000028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558\u2010020\u20100705\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14505"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07924259.1992.9672270"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/AR070p0373"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/AR070p0123"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2004.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/GSL.SP.1989.047.01.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1992.0150"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Oceanography and marine biology, an annual review","author":"Clarke A.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294x.2000.01020.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/12\u20102216.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2009.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jbi.12376"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/maec.12343"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","first-page":"244","volume-title":"Antarctic ecology","author":"Dayton P.","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Advances in marine biology","author":"Dell R. 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