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Once such information is revealed, it can be integrated into the management of infrequently investigated species. <jats:italic>Eleginops maclovinus<\/jats:italic> is a protandrous hermaphrodite species with economic importance for local communities that are currently managed as a single genetic unit. In this study, we sampled five locations distributed across a salinity cline from Northern Patagonia to investigate the genetic population structure of <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>maclovinus<\/jats:italic>. We used restriction site\u2010associated DNA (RAD) sequencing and outlier tests to obtain neutral and adaptive loci, using F<jats:sub>ST<\/jats:sub> and GEA approaches. We identified a spatial pattern of structuration with gene flow and spatial selection by environmental association. Neutral and adaptive loci showed two and three genetic groups, respectively. The effective population sizes estimated ranged from 572 (Chepu) to 14,454 (Chait\u00e9n) and were influenced more by locality than by salinity cline. We found loci putatively associated with salinity suggesting that salinity may act as a selective driver in <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>maclovinus<\/jats:italic> populations. These results suggest a complex interaction between genetic drift, gene flow, and natural selection in this area. Our findings also suggest several evolutionary significant units in this area, and the information should be integrated into the management of this species. We discussed the significance of these results for fishery management and suggest future directions to improve our understanding of how <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>maclovinus<\/jats:italic> has adapted to the dynamic waters of Northern Patagonia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.9343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]],"date-time":"2022-10-04T06:21:15Z","timestamp":1664864475000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Neutral and adaptive loci reveal fine\u2010scale population structure in <i>Eleginops maclovinus<\/i> from north Patagonia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8468-6139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian B.","family":"Canales\u2010Aguirre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos  Puerto Montt Chile"},{"name":"N\u00facleo Milenio INVASAL  Concepci\u00f3n Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley A.","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center Auke Bay Laboratories  Juneau Alaska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garrett J.","family":"McKinney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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