{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:40:58Z","timestamp":1786977658080,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F32GM12846"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32GM12846"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology and Evolution"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Animals ranging from mosquitoes to humans often vary their feeding behavior when infected or merely exposed to pathogens. These so\u2010called \u201csickness behaviors\u201d are part of the innate immune response with many consequences, including avoiding orally transmitted pathogens. Fully understanding the role of this ubiquitous behavior in host defense and pathogen evolution requires a quantitative account of its impact on host and pathogen fitness across environmentally relevant contexts. Here, we use a zooplankton host and fungal pathogen as a case study to ask if infection\u2010mediated feeding behaviors vary across pathogen exposure levels and natural genetic variation in susceptibility to infection. Then, we connect these changes in behavior to pathogen transmission potential (spore yield) and fitness and growth costs to the host. Our results validate a protective effect of altered feeding behavior during pathogen exposure while also revealing significant variation in the magnitude of this response across host susceptibility and pathogen exposure levels. Across all four host genotypes, feeding rates were negatively correlated with susceptibility to infection and transmission potential. The most susceptible genotypes exhibited either strong anorexia, reducing food intake by 26%\u201342%, (\u201cStandard\u201d) or pronounced hyperphagia, increasing food intake by 20%\u201354% (\u201cA45\u201d). Together, these results suggest that infection\u2010mediated changes in host feeding behavior\u2014which are traditionally interpreted as immunopathology\u2014\u00a0may in fact serve as crucial components of host defense strategies\u00a0and\u00a0warrant\u00a0further\u00a0investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.9865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T01:36:18Z","timestamp":1678239378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Natural variation in host feeding behaviors impacts host disease and pathogen transmission potential"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7719-1632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaina C.","family":"Pfenning\u2010Butterworth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska Lincoln Nebraska USA"},{"name":"Department of Botany University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel E.","family":"Vetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska Lincoln Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4955-0794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Hite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska Lincoln Nebraska USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12138"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2019.107993"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2009.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2006.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icp028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.12243"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000150"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.12236"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02453"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2010.01035.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859600041782"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2019.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsml\/uqab001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2018.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1670\/14-095"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2010.0171"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/714574"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/plankt\/fby046"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2006.00995.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","volume-title":"Ecology, epidemiology, and evolution of parasitism in Daphnia","author":"Ebert D.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","first-page":"99","volume-title":"The R user conference, useR! 2011 August 16\u201318 2011 University of Warwick, Coventry, UK","author":"Fox J.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.1987.tb05212.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-00857-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2010.01777.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/656523"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2008.01264.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2007.01011.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2019.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.6352"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","first-page":"279","article-title":"Infection and anorexia","volume":"48","author":"Kanra G. 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