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Utilizing data from the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) hantavirus program, we assessed factors that may influence the spatial and temporal distribution of hantavirus in rodent populations across the United States. Between 2014 and 2019, the NEON hantavirus program conducted 104,379 small mammal captures and collected 14,004 blood samples from 49 species at 45 field sites. Our study identified 296 seropositive samples across 15 rodent species, including 8\n                    <jats:italic>Peromyscus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species. We describe six new species with hantavirus seropositive samples not previously reported as hantavirus hosts. The highest number of seropositive samples was obtained from\n                    <jats:italic>Pe. maniculatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009116; 2.9% seroprevalence), followed by\n                    <jats:italic>Peromyscus leucopus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200996; 2.8%) and\n                    <jats:italic>Microtus pennsylvanicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200933; 4.2%). Hantavirus seroprevalence showed an uneven spatial distribution, with the highest seroprevalence found in Virginia (7.8%, 99 seropositive samples), Colorado (5.7%,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200937), and Texas (4.8%,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200919). Hantavirus seropositive samples were obtained from 32 sites, 10 of which presented seropositive samples in species other than\n                    <jats:italic>Pe. maniculatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>Pe. leucopus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Seroprevalence was inconsistent across years but showed intra\u2010annual bimodal trends, and in\n                    <jats:italic>Pe. maniculatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Pe. leucopus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the number of captures correlated with seroprevalence in the following months. Seroprevalence was higher in adult males, with only one seropositive sample obtained from a juvenile\n                    <jats:italic>Peromyscus truei<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Higher body mass, presence of scrotal testes, and nonpregnant status were associated with higher seropositivity. The NEON dataset, derived from a multiyear and structured surveillance system, revealed the extensive distribution of hantavirus across broad taxonomic and environmental ranges. Future research should consider winter season surveillance and continued analyses of stored samples for a comprehensive spatiotemporal study of hantavirus circulation in wildlife. Global changes are expected to affect the dynamics of rodent populations by affecting their availability of resources and demography and, consequently, may modify transmission rates of rodent\u2010borne zoonotic pathogens such as hantavirus. This study can be considered a baseline to assess hantavirus patterns across host taxa, geographies, and seasons in the United States.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.70209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,16]],"date-time":"2025-03-16T23:29:28Z","timestamp":1742167768000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Hantavirus in rodents in the United States: Temporal and spatial trends and report of new hosts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7108-6919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisca","family":"Astorga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Para la Sustentabilidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad Andres Bello  Santiago Chile"},{"name":"Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Mayor  Temuco Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2927-514X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelghafar","family":"Alkishe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fish and Wildlife Conservation Department Virginia Tech  Blacksburg Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9992-098X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paanwaris","family":"Paansri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fish and Wildlife Conservation Department Virginia Tech  Blacksburg Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Mantilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Escuela Superior Polit\u00e9cnica del Litoral  Guayaquil Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5735-2750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis E.","family":"Escobar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fish and Wildlife Conservation Department Virginia Tech  Blacksburg Virginia USA"},{"name":"Global Change Center Virginia Tech  Blacksburg Virginia USA"},{"name":"Center for Emerging, Zoonotic and Arthropod\u2010borne Pathogens Virginia Tech  Blacksburg Virginia USA"},{"name":"Kellogg Center for Philosophy, Politics, and Economics Virginia Tech  Blacksburg Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0501.990112"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037254"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v5092320"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047731"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296718"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009842"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.75"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.317"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.59.445"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.15.7587-7594.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0501.990115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2009.0222"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/biv047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","volume-title":"\u2018Hantavirus\u2019. 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