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Among the mechanisms that may drive this mutualism, the most studied is provisioning of nutrients by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMF<\/jats:styled-content> in exchange for carbon from plant hosts. However, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMF<\/jats:styled-content> may also provide a suite of non\u2010nutritional benefits to plants including improved water uptake, disease resistance, plant chemical defense, soil aggregation, and allelochemical transport and protection. Here, we use a meta\u2010analysis of 93 studies to assess the relative effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMF<\/jats:styled-content> on nutritional and non\u2010nutritional factors that may influence plant fitness. We find that the positive effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMF<\/jats:styled-content> on soil aggregation, water flow and disease resistance are equal to the effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMF<\/jats:styled-content> on plant nitrogen and phosphorus uptake. However, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMF<\/jats:styled-content> had no effect on the uptake of other nutrients, plant water content, allelopathic transport or production of chemical defense compounds. We suggest future research directions, including experimentally assessing the relative contribution on plant fitness of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMF<\/jats:styled-content> interactions by untangling the independence of alternative benefits of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMF<\/jats:styled-content> from an increase in nutrient uptake. This will lead to a more holistic view of the mycorrhizal\u2010plant association and a more accurate picture of the net impact on the plant or plant community in question.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.1892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,13]],"date-time":"2017-05-13T13:36:41Z","timestamp":1494682601000},"page":"2111-2119","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":292,"title":["Beyond nutrients: a meta\u2010analysis of the diverse effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plants and soils"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8340-2173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camille S.","family":"Delavaux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Yale University 195 Prospect Street New Haven Connecticut 06511 USA"},{"name":"Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas 2101 Constant Avenue Lawrence Kansas 66047 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