{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:34:33Z","timestamp":1790667273818,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]],"date-time":"2019-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557273600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":331,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,11]],"date-time":"2018-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB 0075277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB 0075277"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB 0444585"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB 0444585"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB 0949702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB 0949702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB 1456527"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB 1456527"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EF0813035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EF0813035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EF090830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EF090830"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000139","name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["83489701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["83489701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Changes to the community ecology of hosts for zoonotic pathogens, particularly rodents, are likely to influence the emergence and prevalence of zoonotic diseases worldwide. However, the complex interactions between abiotic factors, pathogens, vectors, hosts, and both food resources and predators of hosts are difficult to disentangle. Here we (1) use 19\u00a0yr of data from six large field plots in southeastern New York to compare the effects of hypothesized drivers of interannual variation in Lyme disease risk, including the abundance of acorns, rodents, and deer, as well as a series of climate variables; and (2) employ landscape epidemiology to explore how variation in predator community structure and forest cover influences spatial variation in the infection prevalence of ticks for the Lyme disease bacterium,\n                    <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and two other important tick\u2010borne pathogens,\n                    <jats:italic>Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Babesia microti<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Acorn\u2010driven increases in the abundance of mice were correlated with a lagged increase in the abundance of questing nymph\u2010stage\n                    <jats:italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ticks infected with Lyme disease bacteria. Abundance of white\u2010tailed deer 2 yr prior also correlated with increased density of infected nymphal ticks, although the effect was weak. Density of rodents in the current year was a strong negative predictor of nymph density, apparently because high current abundance of these hosts can remove nymphs from the host\u2010seeking population. Warm, dry spring or winter weather was associated with reduced density of infected nymphs. At the landscape scale, the presence of functionally diverse predator communities or of bobcats, the only obligate carnivore, was associated with reduced infection prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>I.\u00a0scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    nymphs with all three zoonotic pathogens. In the case of Lyme disease, infection prevalence increased where coyotes were present but smaller predators were displaced or otherwise absent. For all pathogens, infection prevalence was lowest when forest cover within a 1\u00a0km radius was high. Taken together, our results suggest that a food web perspective including bottom\u2010up and top\u2010down forcing is needed to understand drivers of tick\u2010borne disease risk, a result that may also apply to other rodent\u2010borne zoonoses. Prevention of exposure based on ecological indicators of heightened risk should help protect public health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.2386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,8]],"date-time":"2018-05-08T10:59:37Z","timestamp":1525777177000},"page":"1562-1573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":169,"title":["Tick\u2010borne disease risk in a forest food web"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Richard S.","family":"Ostfeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Millbrook New York 12545 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taal","family":"Levi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicia","family":"Keesing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Biology Bard College Annandale\u2010on\u2010Hudson New York 12504 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Oggenfuss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Millbrook New York 12545 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8361-9148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles D.","family":"Canham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Millbrook New York 12545 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116767"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.2003.01260.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"Arnason N. andC.Schwarz.2000.POPAN5 \u2013 Population Analysis software.http:\/\/www.cs.umanitoba.ca\/~popan\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8503006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1894-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3376\/1081-1710(2006)31[364:APEFAP]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/23028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/37.3.357"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1466-8238.2010.00526.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjv199"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10144-004-0175-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004420000448"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22621\/cfn.v119i1.74"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"496","volume-title":"Forests in time: the environmental consequences of 1000\u00a0years of change in New England","author":"Foster D. R.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","volume-title":"Ecology and population biology of the bobcat, Felis rufus, in New York","author":"Fox L. B.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3797218"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2016.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1501598112"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3801327"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3802826"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1812.111392"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099348"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2017.0453"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2370-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3536187"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06536"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3802773"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2193\/2006-275"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2009.1159"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1812.120919"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0525"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226010496.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12245"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/15-0122"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0556"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1204536109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/11-0165.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z89-170"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0233733100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3801278"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1674\/0003-0031(2005)153[0450:IOASAT]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1650\/0010-5422(2006)108[747:SAIIPI]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1644\/06-MAMM-A-159R.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1507442112"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11882"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1529-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200611001-00093"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2013.00046"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-7-24"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","volume-title":"Lyme disease: the ecology of a complex system","author":"Ostfeld R. S.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0051"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040145"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/1540-9295(2004)002[0013:APGFYH]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/02-3125"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1312946"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/153036601750137688"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107387"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","first-page":"1029","article-title":"Predation on San\u2010Joaqin kit foxes by larger canids","volume":"88","author":"Ralls K.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Mammalogy"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-41.4.779"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2009.01347.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z81-241"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.2884"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3626198"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0020368"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ecolsys-102209-144634"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2007)88[334:FWAIPC]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/10-0340.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_73_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Indexing deer numbers with spotlighting: a long\u2010term study of a managed deer population","volume":"56","author":"Winchcombe R. J.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Northeast Wildlife"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Bowhunter observations versus spotlighting as an index to deer abundance","volume":"56","author":"Winchcombe R. J.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Northeast Wildlife"}],"container-title":["Ecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fecy.2386","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ecy.2386","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ecy.2386","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.1002\/ecy.2386","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ecy.2386","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T02:18:55Z","timestamp":1695003535000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ecy.2386"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,11]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ecy.2386"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ecy.2386","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-9658","1939-9170"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-9658","type":"print"},{"value":"1939-9170","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-01-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-04-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-06-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}