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However, arid\u2010zone animal responses to short\u2010term changes in climate are unknown, particularly smaller rain events that briefly interrupt longer\u2010term drought. Using arthropods as model animals, we determined the effects of a small rain event on arthropod abundance in western <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">New South Wales<\/jats:styled-content>, Australia during a longer\u2010term shift toward drought. Arthropod abundance decreased over 2\u00a0yr, but captures of 10 out of 15 ordinal taxa increased dramatically after the small rain event (&lt;40\u00a0mm). The magnitude of increases ranged from 10.4 million% (collembolans) to 81% (spiders). After 3\u00a0months, most taxa returned to prerain abundance. However, small soil\u2010dwelling beetles, mites, spiders, and collembolans retained high abundances despite the onset of winter temperatures and lack of subsequent rain. As predicted by pulse\u2010reserve models, most arid\u2010zone arthropod populations declined during drought. However, small rain events may play a role in buffering some taxa from declines during longer\u2010term drought or other xenobiotic influences. We outline the framework for a new model of animal responses to environmental conditions in the arid zone, as some species clearly benefit from rain inputs that do not dramatically influence primary productivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.2884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T16:31:04Z","timestamp":1568046664000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Surviving drought: a framework for understanding animal responses to small rain events in the arid zone"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Maute","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales 2522 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant C.","family":"Hose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales 2109 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Story","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Plague Locust Commission G.P.O. 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