{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:56:16Z","timestamp":1790834176707,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655164800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1RO1AI110793\u201001A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1RO1AI110793\u201001A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000155","name":"Division of Environmental Biology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1750113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1750113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Extrinsic environmental factors influence the spatiotemporal dynamics of many organisms, including insects that transmit the pathogens responsible for vector\u2010borne diseases (VBDs). Temperature is an especially important constraint on the fitness of a wide variety of ectothermic insects. A mechanistic understanding of how temperature impacts traits of ectotherms, and thus the distribution of ectotherms and vector\u2010borne infections, is key to predicting the consequences of climate change on transmission of VBDs like malaria. However, the response of transmission to temperature and other drivers is complex, as thermal traits of ectotherms are typically nonlinear, and they interact to determine transmission constraints. In this study, we assess and compare the effect of temperature on the transmission of two malaria parasites,\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    , by two malaria vector species,\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We model the nonlinear responses of temperature dependent mosquito and parasite traits (mosquito development rate, bite rate, fecundity, proportion of eggs surviving to adulthood, vector competence, mortality rate, and parasite development rate) and incorporate these traits into a suitability metric based on a model for the basic reproductive number across temperatures. Our model predicts that the optimum temperature for transmission suitability is similar for the four mosquito\u2013parasite combinations assessed in this study, but may differ at the thermal limits. More specifically, we found significant differences in the upper thermal limit between parasites spread by the same mosquito (\n                    <jats:italic>A. stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and between mosquitoes carrying\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In contrast, at the lower thermal limit the significant differences were primarily between the mosquito species that both carried the same pathogen (e.g.,\n                    <jats:italic>A. stephensi<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>A. gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    both with\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Using prevalence data, we show that the transmission suitability metric  calculated from our mechanistic model is consistent with observed\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    prevalence in Africa and Asia but is equivocal for\n                    <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    prevalence in Asia, and inconsistent with\n                    <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    prevalence in Africa. We mapped risk to illustrate the number of months various areas in Africa and Asia predicted to be suitable for malaria transmission based on this suitability metric. This mapping provides spatially explicit predictions for suitability and transmission risk.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.3685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T07:33:54Z","timestamp":1647934434000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Temperature impacts the environmental suitability for malaria transmission by\n                    <i>Anopheles gambiae<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Anopheles stephensi<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9950-9477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oswaldo C.","family":"Villena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics Virginia Tech  Blacksburg Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4308-6321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sadie J.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Institute University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal  Durban South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5966-1514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Courtney C.","family":"Murdock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"},{"name":"Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"},{"name":"Center for Vaccines and Immunology College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"},{"name":"Riverbasin Center University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"},{"name":"Department of Entomology College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University  Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9922-579X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leah R.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics Virginia Tech  Blacksburg Virginia USA"},{"name":"Computational Modeling and Data Analytics Virginia Tech  Blacksburg Virginia USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology Virginia Tech  Blacksburg Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12312"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/13-1452.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/663677"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(05)62004-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-3904-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CCAA.2017.8229777"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2009.02014.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Tackling the Malaria Problem in the South\u2010East Asia Region: Need for a Change in Policy?","volume":"137","author":"Bharati K.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical 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