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We surveyed moths across an urban gradient in a subtropical city weekly for a year to test how impervious surface and canopy cover impact phenology at the caterpillar and adult life stages. For macro\u2010moths, we also examine how these effects vary with life history traits. When pooling all individuals, we found no effect of urbanization proxy variables on timing of caterpillar or adult phenology. At the species\u2010specific level, we found timing of peak adult macro\u2010moths is influenced by canopy cover, which also interacts with two traits: temperature niche and body size. Cold\u2010adapted species delay timing of peak abundance in more shaded sites, while warm\u2010adapted species were not affected. Smaller species, associated with lower dispersal ability, were more phenologically sensitive to canopy cover than larger bodied species. These results highlight the importance of canopy cover within cities and its interaction with species' traits in mediating impact of urbanization on moth phenology in subtropical systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ecy.4489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T08:42:26Z","timestamp":1733128946000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Temperature niche and body size condition phenological responses of moths to urbanization in a subtropical city"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8162-5998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael W.","family":"Belitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Biodiversity Institute University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Department of Integrative Biology Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asia","family":"Sawyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lillian","family":"Hendrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6682-1504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert P.","family":"Guralnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2012.02727.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"Belitz M.2024.\u201cUrban\u2010Moth\u2010Phenology: Code for accepted manuscript (1.3.1).\u201dZenodo.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.13905288."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.17241"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300050938"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2022.100897"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2019.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2022.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/13-1848.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/10-1594.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ibi.13265"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/oik.07274"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0145"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2008.01602.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11252-019-00884-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecochg.2022.100051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2015.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2020.103989"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.12429"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","volume-title":"Peterson Field Guide to Moths of Southeastern North America","author":"Leckie S.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-019-1004-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1512-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2106006118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142334"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-210X.2010.00020.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2017.06.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11252-006-9354-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0587.1999.tb00519.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","unstructured":"NOAA.2023.\u201cOffice for Coastal Management. 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